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The presence of water-altered sedimentary rocks and past aqueous depositional environments on Mars have been substantiated by both orbital and surface instrumentation (Carr & Head, 2010;Changela et al., 2022;Malin & Edgett, 2000). High-resolution orbital images combined with rover and lander images have shown distinct sedimentary layers ranging from scales of meters to millimeters in thickness (

Introduction Chaotic TerrainsChaotic terrains are broad regions on Mars, often depressed and bordered by scarps, where the bedrock is characterized by large irregular mesas arranged chaotically (Sharp, 1973). Toward the inner part of the chaos, the mesas evolve into more and more eroded knobs. In some areas, hydrated minerals were found in the overlying light-toned layered deposits (

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