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Fifty‐three cases of anaplastic spindle‐cell and giant‐cell tumors of the thyroid gland were found in the files of the University of Michigan Medical Center in a 37‐year period (1932‐1969). Of these, 42 were found with other well‐differentiated thyroid carcinomas: papillary, follicular, Hürthle cell, clear cell, and medullary carcinomas. Data from this report and the recent literature support the conclusion that anaplastic tumors of the thyroid gland probably arise in preexisting well‐differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The grim prognosis for anaplastic carcinomas of the thyroid gland is reemphasized in this study; 49 of the 53 patients died within the first year after a histologic diagnosis was established.

Cellular therapies including allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT, auto-HCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR T) render patients severely immunocompromised for extended periods post-therapy, and data on responses to COVID-19 vaccines are limited. We analyzed anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody (spike Ab) titers and neutralizing Ab among 217 recipients of cellular treatments (allo-HCT, n=149, auto HCT n=61, and CAR T n=7). At 3 months after vaccination, 188 patients (87%) had positive spike Ab levels and 139 (77%) had positive neutralization activity, compared to 100% for both in 54 concurrent healthy controls. Time from cellular therapy to vaccination and immune recovery post-cellular therapy were associated with response. Vaccination against COVID-19 is an important component of post-cellular therapy care, and predictors of quantitative and qualitative response are critical in informing clinical decisions about optimal timing of vaccines and the requirement for booster doses.

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Utilization of CINB significantly improved pulmonary function, pain control, and shortens LOS in patients with rib fractures.

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