Screening of biochemical interactions becomes simpler, less expensive, and more accurate when labels, such as fluorescent dyes, radioactive markers, and colorimetric reactions, are not required to quantify detected material. SRU Biosystems has developed a biosensor technology that is manufactured on continuous sheets of plastic film and incorporated into standard microplates and microarray slides to enable label-free assays to be performed with high throughput, high sensitivity, and low cost per assay. The biosensor incorporates a narrowband guided-mode resonance reflectance filter, in which the reflected color is modulated by the attachment/detachment of biochemical material to the surface. The technology offers 4 orders of linear dynamic range and uniformity within a plate, with a coefficient of variation of 2.5%. Using conventional biochemical immobilization surface chemistries, a wide range of assay applications are enabled. Small molecule screening, cell proliferation/ cytotoxicity, enzyme activity screening, protein-protein interaction, and cell membrane receptor expression are among the applications demonstrated. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2004:481-490)
The influence of parental alcoholism on the personalities of the children was studied by use of the Devereux Rating Scales to delineate problem behavior patterns. The subjects for the investigation were identified as a result of their parents being in treatment for alcoholism, and a control group matched for age, sex, race, family size, and socioeconomic status was utilized. The findings suggest that the presence of parental alcoholism acts as a serious deterrent to healthy personality development in the children, and the degree of disturbance in these individuals might be greater than previously suspected. Several implications of these observations are discussed, including the importance of considering alcohol abuse as a total family problem.
The muscle of Lawrence (MOL) is a bilaterally symmetrical muscle spanning the tergite of the fifth abdominal segment of adult male Drosophila melanogaster. It is not, however, a general feature of male-specific development within the subfamily Drosophilinae. Of 95 species surveyed within this subfamily, 67 exist with no MOL at all. By drawing comparisons with published cladograms of species relatedness, three conclusions regarding the evolutionary history of the MOL are made: (i) The MOL predates the major radiations of the genus Drosophila, given its presence in earlierbranching Chymomyza and Scaptodrosophila; the MOL has been subsequently excluded in at least one present species of each of these two primitive genera. First described in Drosophila melanogaster, the muscle of Lawrence (MOL) is a large, bilaterally symmetrical muscle spanning the fifth tergite of the abdomen of adult males; it does not develop in females (1). Oddly, the MOL eluded decades of extensive genetic and biological investigation in D. melanogaster, including the definitive survey of adult musculature by Miller in 1950 (2). Only in 1984 was this muscle's existence first revealed with the report of Lawrence (the muscle's eponym) and Johnston (1), showing that formation of the MOL is sex-specific and is associated with developmental cues in the fifth abdominal segment (A5) of the male; homeotic mutations transforming either A4 or A6 to A5 induce the development of a MOL in the transformed segment (1, 3).Development of the MOL depends not on the sex of its progenitor myoblasts, but rather the sex of the contacting motoneuron in A5. If the motoneuron is male, the MOL develops; if the motoneuron is female, the MOL fails to develop (3). Ablation of the ingrowing motoneuron in a male correspondingly blocks MOL development (4). Although use of the MOL to the adult male fly is unknown, other interesting observations have accumulated regarding its general biology, including genetic evidence that its development requires normal expression of fruitless (fru) (5, 6), a gene identified by its involvement in adult male courtship behavior (7) and as a sex determination gene that acts late in development (8, 9). In addition, formation of the MOL in A5 involves recruitment of the relatively rare 79B actin (10).To gain insight into the evolutionary history of this muscle, we have analyzed its appearance within the subfamily Drosophilinae. Surprisingly, of 95 species surveyed, 67 have no MOL at all. By comparing our observations with generally accepted cladograms of species relatedness within the Drosophilinae (11-24), we provide evidence that the MOL was an existing feature of primitive forms within the early radiation of the subfamily. Also stemming from that comparison is our conclusion that several independent genetic exclusions of this muscle have occurred during the subsequent radiation of MOL-containing lines. This makes the MOL a rare example of an anatomical structure that has undergone independent, repeated loss among closely related evolut...
One hundred and one patients who met criteria for alcoholism were evaluated for dermatologic signs. There were 98 men and 3 women, with an average age of 40.85 years; 40 were white and 61 black. Significant findings were no skin disease in 19, acne in 27, folliculitis in 8, seborrheic dermatitis in 12, tinea pedis in 32, and xerosis in 7. Only two patients had rosacea, which is contrary to previously held beliefs about the drinker's nose.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.