The availability of pure samples is a major hurdle in the study of trimetallic nitride templated endohedral metallofullerenes (TNT EMFs). Current HPLC methods of purification are costly, nonrecyclable, and take considerable time. Reported herein is a solvent-free reaction of crude soot extract (empty-cage and Sc or Lu TNT EMFs) in molten 9-methylanthracene that affords almost complete conversion of empty-cage fullerenes to 9-methylanthracene adducts, while leaving TNT EMFs unreacted. After the recovered extract is washed with diethyl ether, the washed extract can then be applied to a silica gel column and subsequently flushed with toluene. To illustrate for Sc3N@C80, the sample was purified to ∼60% in a time period of <24 h. Final one-step HPLC purification provided high-purity TNT EMF samples (>99%) in an expeditious and less costly manner.
Between 1950 and 1964, as a result of slight federal policy shifts, Cold War civil defence went from a pro-urban policy dedicated to the preservation of communities to an anti-urban policy focused on social control in the wake of an attack. Civil defence volunteers in Baltimore along with some of the city's civil defence paid staff, who had bought the federal message that they could protect themselves and their communities for nuclear war, allied with antinuclear activists against an increasingly militarized programme -one that by 1961 prioritized post-attack policing and de-emphasized the imperative to preserve urban neighbourhoods.
for a Day and moving to more recent shows such as Extreme Makeover, Extreme Makeover: Home Edition, Suppernanny, and Nanny 911. One essay that stands out is Jennifer Gillan's ''Extreme Makeover Homeland Security Edition.'' This essay looks at how the myths of the American west are perpetuated in Extreme Makeover: Home Edition, especially in the fear-driven, post-9/11 environment.Overall, this book is successful in unpacking the American mythos of the makeover. The formal yet engaging style allows the reader to see what additional work needs to be done in this area of popular culture; and this collection, while explaining why reality television programs are so prolific today, also suggests additional questions that these essays pose.
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