Skill development is influenced by many factors and, among many, opportunity of practice and appropriate instruction provided by teacher might be considered as key elements but still need to be empirically investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare gross motor development of young children enrolled in physical education, provided by a specialist teacher, and children enrolled in recreational activities, provided by a regular teacher, in kindergarten. Fifty children were divided into two groups: 25 children (age of 5.3 ± 0.3 years) constituted the physical education (PE) group and received activities, once a week, ministered by a physical education teacher; 25 children (age of 5.2 ± 0.4 years) constituted the recreational (RE) group and received activities, also once a week, supervised by a classroom teacher. All these children were evaluated performing the locomotor and object control subtests of Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Performance of both subtests were scored, according to the performance criteria of TGMD-2, by three experimenters, obtaining the raw skill score and the equivalent motor age for each subtest. Results revealed that both children’ groups showed similar raw skill score and equivalent motor age before enrollment in any activities, at the beginning of the year. Differently, after enrolment in the respective activities, PE children showed higher raw skill score and equivalent motor age than RE children. These results demonstrated that regular physical education, composed by structured practice, ministered by a specialist promote gross motor development of children even at young age such as in kindergarten
Resumo-O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de diferentes contextos no desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais e no crescimento somático de crianças no ensino infantil. Participaram deste estudo 50 crianças: 25 tiveram educação física com um professor da área e 25 crianças tiveram atividades com o professor responsável pela turma. Crianças foram avaliadas no início e final do ano letivo quanto a dados antropométricos, dobras cutâneas, medidas de atividade física e realizaram os subtestes do TGMD-2. No início do ano letivo, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os grupos. No final do ano letivo, crianças que tiveram atividades com o professor da sala apresentaram redução no nível de atividade física, enquanto que crianças com educação física com o professor especialista apresentaram manutenção no nível de atividade física e melhor desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras. O envolvimento em diferentes contextos de aulas de educação física não é suficiente para promover alteração somática em crianças ao longo do ano letivo. Entretanto, educação física com o professor especialista melhora o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais e promove manutenção do nível de atividade física em crianças no ensino infantil. Palavras-chaves: desenvolvimento motor, habilidades motoras fundamentais, educação físicaAbstract-"Motor development and somatic growth of children with different contexts in kindergarten." The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different contexts on fundamental motor skill development and on somatic growing of children in kindergarten. Fifty children participated in this study: 25 received physical education from a specialized teacher and 25 children received activities from a non-specialized teacher. Children were evaluated at the beginning and end of the school year, regarding anthropometric, skin fold, physical activity level, and TGMD-2. At the beginning of school year, no difference was observed between both groups in any measure. At the end of the year, children who received activities from a non-specialized teacher showed reduced level of physical activities whereas children who received physical education from a specialized teacher maintained the level and presented better fundamental motor skill development. Different contexts of physical education activities do not promote somatic differences along the school year. However, physical education from a specialized teacher improves fundamental motor skill development and maintenance of physical activity enrolment of children in kindergarten.Resumen-"Desarrollo motriz y crecimiento somático de niños con diferentes contextos en la educación primaria." El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar los efectos de distintos contextos en el desarrollo de las capacidades motrices fundamentales y el crecimiento somático de niños en la educación primaria. Participaron de este estudio 50 niños, la mitad tuvo clases de educación física con un profesor del área de educación física y la otra mitad tuvo actividades con...
<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> One common observation is that Brazilian children are failing to achieve the expected proficiency, regarding the chronological age, in performing gross motor skills. <strong>PURPOSE:</strong> The aim was to verify the development of fundamental motor skills of 6- and 9-year-old children from a public school of São Paulo city. <strong>METHOD:</strong> Eight two children were selected from the first and fourth Elementary year, 40 children from the first grade (6.6 year-old, 20 boys and 20 girls) and 42 children from the fourth grade (9.2 year-old, 21 boys and 21 girls). Children were videotaped performing the Test of Gross Motor Development tasks, locomotor and object-control subtests. Three experimenters inspected the video images and rated the children’s performance following the suggested criteria. <strong>RESULTS:</strong> Nine-year-old children were advanced in fundamental motor skill performance compared to 6-year-old, but children from both age groups are delayed to the expected fundamental motor skill development. Moreover, the developmental delay is even worse as chronological age increases, with 6-year-old rated as poor whereas 9-year-old children are rated as very poor in fundamental motor skill development. <strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> These results raise several concerns regarding the importance of mastering the basic motor skills and future enrolment in motor activities.<strong> </strong></p>
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed that there is a developmental delay in the fundamental motor skills (FMS) of Brazilian children based on various samples. However, none of these previous studies included a comprehensive and direct diagnosis of motor competence levels of children in the urban areas of Brazil, which tend to encompass a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural environments. AIM: The purpose of this study was to directly assess children’s FMS competence levels in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Three hundred and eighty-three children (ages 6, 8, and 10) from elementary schools in all five geographic regions of São Paulo participated in this study. The FMS of children were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition. RESULTS: The results indicated that children from all five geographic areas of São Paulo demonstrated low competence levels (below the 15th percentile) across all FMS. Moreover, the observed motor competence deficit increased with age. Children’s competence levels were classified as poor in 6-year-old children and very poor in 8- and 10-year-old children. CONCLUSION: The developmental delay in motor competence is associated with decreased levels of health-enhancing physical activity, physical fitness, executive function, and perceived competence and increased obesity.
BACKGROUND: One common observation is that Brazilian children are failing to achieve the expected proficiency, regarding the chronological age, in performing gross motor skills. PURPOSE: The aim was to verify the development of fundamental motor skills of 6- and 9-year-old children from a public school of São Paulo city. METHOD: Eight two children were selected from the first and fourth Elementary year, 40 children from the first grade (6.6 year-old, 20 boys and 20 girls) and 42 children from the fourth grade (9.2 year-old, 21 boys and 21 girls). Children were videotaped performing the Test of Gross Motor Development tasks, locomotor and object-control subtests. Three experimenters inspected the video images and rated the children’s performance following the suggested criteria. RESULTS: Nine-year-old children were advanced in fundamental motor skill performance compared to 6-year-old, but children from both age groups are delayed to the expected fundamental motor skill development. Moreover, the developmental delay is even worse as chronological age increases, with 6-year-old rated as poor whereas 9-year-old children are rated as very poor in fundamental motor skill development. CONCLUSION: These results raise several concerns regarding the importance of mastering the basic motor skills and future enrolment in motor activities.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.