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Abstract.This paper elaborates the theoretical foundations of a semi-differential framework for invariance. Semi-differential invariants combine coordinates and their derivatives with respect to some contour parameter at several points of the image contour, thus allowing for an optimal trade-off between identification of points and the calculation of derivatives. A systematic way of generating complete and independent sets of such invariants is presented. It is also shown that invariance under reparametrisation can be cast in the same framework. The theory is illustrated by a complete analysis of 2D affine transformations. In a companion paper (Pauwels et al. 1995) these affine semidifferential invariants are implemented in the computer program F O R M (Flat Object Recognition Method) for the recognition of planar contours under pseudo-perspective projection.

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This study investigates early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in function of eating disorder (ED) subtypes (restrictive/bulimic) and the presence/absence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Female inpatients (N = 491) completed the Young Schema Questionnaire and the Self-Injury Questionnaire. The influence of ED subtype and the presence/absence of NSSI and their interaction on the EMS were investigated by means of a MANCOVA. The results showed main effects of ED subtype and the presence of NSSI on EMS. Patients with bulimia scored significantly higher on insufficient self-control and emotional deprivation, which are more related to cluster B compared with restrictive patients, whereas restrictive patients scored significantly higher on social undesirability, failure to achieve, subjugation and unrelenting standards compared with patients with bulimia that are more related to cluster C. Patients with ED with NSSI reported significantly higher EMS levels compared with patients without NSSI, suggesting that they could be of particular interest to benefit from schema therapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.