The authors present a comprehensive view of advocacy counseling utilizing an original paradigm built upon the ideals that all clients should have equal access to goods and services and equal participation in programs and institutions. Relevant activities and a case study are included to highlight the importance of infusing advocacy in counselor training programs. Last, implications for school counselors and educators are provided.
Jungian family sandplay (JFS) with bereaved clients, especially young children, may assist family members in communicating their intrapersonal world of grief through symbolic methods. Specifically, play therapists using JFS provide the opportunity for children to share feelings with caretakers that may be developmentally difficult to verbalize. With JFS, children use nonthreatening images to portray feelings and struggles associated with the death of a loved one. The focus of this article is the importance of including caretakers and family members in bereaved children's sandplay. In addition, we include a clinical vignette to illuminate the potential benefits of incorporating JFS with bereaved children. We conclude with implications for play therapists.
noted that integrative therapies-those that combine directive and nondirective strategies-possess the capacity to benefit a child traumatized by sexual assault. Jungian analytical play therapy (JAPT) is a creative, integrative therapy that may be beneficial when applied to children affected by CSA (J. Allan, 1988). Within the safety of a nonjudgmental, therapeutic relationship, children affected by CSA may become consciously aware of and subsequently resolve conflicting emotions associated with sexual assault in symbolic, less-threatening ways. Through participation in JAPT, the child's psyche may begin the therapeutic process of integrating inner and outer emotional polarities in an archetypal quest for self-healing after sexual trauma (E. Green, 2005).
Despite the growing clinical literature aimed at assisting children affected by potentially traumatizing events, little exists about individual treatment for nonoffending parents. Nonoffending parents' reactions to their children's traumatic events can be extensive and long-lasting and frequently include complex feelings about themselves, their children, the offender, and the judicial system. Furthermore, these feelings and reactions can impact their children's own healing. This article aims to provide an individual play therapy treatment paradigm designed for nonoffending parents. Additionally, this article will describe posttraumatic reactions of nonoffending parents and their effects on traumatized children.
Understanding the unique effects of complex trauma on adolescents, as well as identifying effective mental health treatment protocols, are critical for trauma-informed play therapists to practice competently. Recently in the literature, phase-based treatment has been one such protocol applied successfully to adolescents who experienced complex trauma (Cohen, Mannarino, & Deblinger, 2006). Furthermore, play-based approaches (integrating complex-trauma concepts, play, and empirically designed treatment protocols) have been asserted as a potentially beneficial paradigm (Drewes, 2011;Green, 2012). Therefore, the authors of this article present an original model-one that is integrative, play-based, and delineated in 3 phases-while remaining sensitive to the most current clinical implications in the trauma treatment outcome literature.
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