Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomata syndrome (MCL) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of concurrent benign tumors of smooth muscle origin (leiomyoma) in the skin and uterus of affected females, and in the skin of affected males. MCL can also be associated with type II papillary renal cell cancer (HLRCC). The genetic locus for MCL and HLRCC was recently mapped to chromosome 1q42.3-43 and subsequently, dominantly inherited mutations in the fumarate hydratase gene ( FH ) were identified. Importantly, analysis of the FH gene in tumors of MCL patients revealed a second mutation inactivating the wild-type allele in some tumors. Based on these findings, it has been suggested that FH may function as a tumor suppressor gene in MCL. Here, we report the analysis of the FH gene in a group of 11 MCL families, with the identification of 8 different mutations accounting for the disease in all families. One of the mutations, 905-1G>A, has been identified in 4 families of Iranian origin. The analysis of highly polymorphic markers in the vicinity of the FH gene showed a shared haplotype in these 4 families, suggesting that 905-1G>A represents a founder mutation. Collectively, identification of 5 novel and 3 recurrent mutations further supports the role of FH in the pathogenesis of MCL.

Objective To report infection rate, implant removal rate, and postoperative antibiotic therapy after tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) in dogs. Study design Retrospective study. Animals One thousand seven hundred sixty‐eight stifles in 1,732 dogs. Methods Medical records (January 2007‐December 2011) of dogs treated with a TTA were reviewed. Cases were included if at least 1 year of postoperative follow‐up was available and no additional procedures were performed on the stifle. Date of surgery, date of culture, culture and susceptibility results, postoperative antimicrobials used, and any implant removals were recorded. Use of postoperative antibiotics and implant removal were evaluated statistically for effect on infection occurrence and resolution. Results Postoperative infections were diagnosed in 82 of 1,768 (4.6%) stifles. Implants were removed from 32 (39%) stifles, with plate and screw removal only in 23 (71.9%) stifles. The rate of infection did not differ between dogs with or without postoperative antibiotic therapy. However, dogs receiving postoperative antibiotic therapy were at risk for developing an oxacillin‐resistant infection (P = .001). Oxacillin‐resistant infections were associated with a requirement for implant removal to achieve resolution compared with other types of bacterial infections (P < .05). Conclusion No benefit was detected with the use of postoperative antibiotics after TTA in this population. Implant removal was infrequent, and the requirement for cage removal was not commonly required for infection resolution. Clinical significance This study does not provide evidence to support postoperative antibiotic therapy after TTA. Postoperative infection can be treated in most dogs without removal of the TTA cage.

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This paper presents a tolerance grade mapping system that is particularly useful in assessing cost-effective manufacturability. A lens design example is included that illustrates the method and its ease of use.

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