In modern economies, the advancement of well‐being of the citizens should be in an inclusive and sustainable way. In this respect, the sustainable welfare targets should exclusively include three main pillars: economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. These pillars consist of qualitative and nonmonetary, as well as monetary and quantitative indicators to monitor. Although sustainable development today is well‐appreciated in most governments' agenda, yet it is generally not a trivial task to measure its progress especially due to multidimensional nature of some targets. In this article, sustainable development is measured by using a wide range of indicators within multidimensional perspective of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2015. Indicators cover wide spectrum of areas such as poverty reduction, health, education, gender equality, and environment. An index creation method is developed for measuring the level and the performance of countries' progress through achieving MDGs. The index score levels and the rankings of countries are compared with similar indexes developed by United Nations. Finally, countries are classified according to their achievements relative to other countries (which is measured by the index) versus their self‐achievement performances (in terms of improvement of the index over years) in a big matrix. Results demonstrate the importance of measuring country performances in both dimensions. Understanding the progress in MDGs can help settle on binding targets for achieving the country specific goals in economic and noneconomic areas and on the mechanisms to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030, which set amid on the success of MDGs.
Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de gelir dağılımı ve sağlık harcamalarının doğumda yaşam beklentisi üzerindeki etkilerini 1987-2016 dönemi için gecikmesi dağıtılmış otoregresif (ARDL) modeli ile araştırmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre gelir dağılımında adaletsizlik arttıkça doğumda yaşam beklentisi negatif yönde etkilenmektedir. Öte yandan toplam sağlık harcamalarının milli gelir içindeki payının artması ile yaşam beklentisi arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye bulunmamaktadır. Ayrıca kişi başına gelir ve her 1000 kişi başına doktor sayısının artması, yaşam beklentisini pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Bu sonuçlar çerçevesinde, nitelikli sağlık personeli sayısının, ekonomik büyümenin ve yoksul kesimin refahının artmasının, daha sağlıklı bir toplum hedefine ulaşmada önemli birer araç olduğu görülmektedir.
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