The main purpose of this study was to investigate injury patterns, risk factors and causes in female futsal players. This study was performed on 66 volunteer female athletes (age: 20.72±2.08) playing at different university teams. Sports injuries were detected by means of data forms. Describe statistic was applied and Pearson Correlation Test was used to determine whether there was a significant correlation between the quantitative parameters. Totally, 93 sports injuries were investigated related futsal. Twenty nine (31.20%) of the all injuries occurred in preseason and 64(68.80%) occurred in the competition season. Fifty three (57.00%) of 93 injuries occurred in lower extremities and 22(23.70%) occurred in upper extremity. The overall injury rate of ankle injuries was 25 (26.90%), knee:20 (%21.50),low back: 15 (16.10%), hip/thigh/leg:11(11.80%), shoulder:8(8.60%), elbow:4 (4.30%), hand/finger:5 (5.40%), and head/face:5 (5.40%). The proportion of acute/traumatic injuries was 73 (78.50%) and overuse was 20 (21.50%) and 24.70% of all injuries were caused by contacting to rival player. Because futsal is a foot sport, high rate of lower extremity injuries (ankle, knee, leg, hip and thigh) may be accepted inevitable. Wearing protective equipment, performing functional strength training and efficient warm up/calm down exercises might reduce the risk of sports injuries related futsal.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome. The only common thing to be evaluated in the flu category is that it is caused by the virus. The diseases have caused serious health problems and social problems throughout the world. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of the faculty of sport sciences students about the changes in the education system during COVID-19 Pandemic. Case Study Pattern, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The data were collected virtually by interview method. The sample of the study consisted of 18 students studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Çukurova University (Male: 13, Female: 5). Descriptive content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The data summarized and interpreted through descriptive analysis, coded themes and sub-themes were created. Subjects such as "the opportunity to watch the lesson again", "Protecting health", "Ease of focus", "Exam advantage", "Ease of access for students with disabilities", "Facilities provided by the university administration", "encouraging research" are positive opinions about distance education. Conditions such as "Problems in the Distance Education Infrastructure", "Lack of Education Face to Face", "Negative Emotion due to Pandemic", "Exam Anxiety" were found as negative findings. As a result, it is seen that the distance education system is advantageous in some aspects and disadvantageous in some aspects due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The solution suggestions presented for the elimination of problems in the distance education system are as follows, both in our study and other studies in the literature. "Improving distance education infrastructure", "Using web-based additional applications", "Assigning homework instead of exams, being fair in grading", "Exemption and adding additional courses to accelerated programs", "Producing solutions for increasing efficiency in practice classes", "ensuring ease of transportation", etc. We think that the state institutions should take the necessary precautions by considering the solutions based on scientific studies.

In order to prevent injuries, reasons and risk factors should be known before injuries occur. In this context, the main purpose of this study was to investigate sports injuries that have occurred in matches in the First Turkish Men's Volleyball League during the period between 2011 and 2016.In this study, 250 matches played in the Turkish Men's Volleyball League during the period between 2011 and 2016 have been analyzed. "A Sports Injuries Observation Form" developed by the researcher was used in the study. This form contains different variables related to sports injuries such as "number of injury", "injury sites of body", "severity of injury", "techniques-related injury", "injury reason" and "match duration". In addition to the researcher, two independent expert observers in volleyball have analyzed the match recordings and filled out the forms. All forms were crosschecked closely. The matches analyzed included 121.680 player hours defined as active playing time. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the variables such as mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency. The Pearson coefficient was used to measure correlations between match durations and total number of injuries, number of temporary injuries, and number of serious injuries.In these matches, 83 injuries have occurred. However, 68.67% (57) of all injuries were temporary injuries where players continued to the play following the minor treatment and where 31.33% (26) were serious injuries which hindered players and were not able to continue to the play. In this context, there were 0.33 injuries per match. Upper extremity injury rate was 61.45% (51) whereas the lower extremity injury rate was 38.55% (32). While "block" was the most dangerous technique of the play with 65.06% (54) injury rate, "spike", defense and other techniques had a slightly lower risk rate of 14.46% (12) and 20.48% (17), respectively. In other words, 79.51% (66) of the injuries occurred in front of the net where block and spike techniques were repeatedly performed.In conclusion, injury risk was remarkable in volleyball. Especially, the players playing in the front area were at greater risk than back area players. Correct jumping and landing practices may reduce the injury risks. It has been suggested that there is relationship between injuries and the game rules related to net contact and middle line. Future studies should address the relationship between injuries and official game rules.

The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of the students in Physical Education and Sports School (PES) about the Video Assistance Referee System (VAR). The research was carried out at Cukurova University. Descriptive survey model was used in the research. A total of 84 students (60 male, 24 female) with a mean age of 21,82±3,21 participated in the study. As a result, it can be seen that School of Physical Education and Sports students have not fully positive opinions about the VAR system like many sections of the sports public and that there is a need for further development of the practice. It can be considered that the referees should be more careful and fair in deciding the level of education and practices of the referees in order to increase the level of success of VAR system and to be accepted by all the stakeholders of football.

This research aimed to explore any links between mental toughness and courage in sports among students enrolled in the faculty of sports science, employing a relational screening model with a sample consisting of 340 university students who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Research data were collected through a Personal Information Form, the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), and the Sport Courage Scale (SCS). Data analyses included independent groups T-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. Significant differences were detected in the SMTQ and SCS, as well as in the total scale scores, based on the gender variable, which is one of the demographic variables. SMTQ and SCS subdimensions and total scale scores differed significantly according to the university department. Furthermore, the study identified significant differences in the SMTQ and the SCS subdimensions and total scale scores based on the academic year variable. However, no significant relationship was found between age and SMTQ and SCS subdimensions and total scale scores. The findings of this study indicate a significant and positive correlation between the SMTQ and SCS subdimensions and the total scale scores. Therefore, it can be concluded that as the mental toughness levels of the students in sports science increase, their courage levels also increase.