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This study analyses seasonal variations in monthly per person tourist spending in Turkish inbound tourism from a market segmentation perspective. In this study a seasonal unit root test and recently developed decomposition techniques (TRAMO-SEATS, X-12-ARIMA) are used. It is found that there is a stochastic and strong seasonality in per person tourist spending data. The findings interestingly show that the seasonal pattern in per person tourist spending is considerably different from the seasonal pattern in tourist arrivals. The results have implications for decision-makers in tourism both at micro-and macro-levels in terms of effective resource allocation and market segmentation. r

This study aims to explore the influence of human resource management (HRM) activities and organizational climate on job satisfaction in Turkish banks. The study first examines the relative influence of eight HRM activities of: (i) behavior and attitudes (in recruitment and selection); (ii) teamwork; (iii) extensive training; (iv) written policies; (v) training in multiple functions; (vi) incentives; (vii) performance appraisal; and (viii) feedback on performance on job satisfaction. Second, the influence of six factors relating to organizational climate are examined, again from the view point of their influence on job satisfaction. The second group factors are: (i) support for innovation; (ii) managerial competence and consistency; (iii) workload pressure; (iv) cohesion; (v) organizational boundaries; and (vi) organizational ethics. The data collected through interviews from 346 employees from 19 banks show that in addition to the positive impact of HRM activities, organizational climate in particular makes a significant contribution to job satisfaction. The paper presents the influence of the two groups of factors on job satisfaction and the mechanisms through which these factors foster job satisfaction and their implications for practitioners

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TurkeyThis study explores the role of three types of customer participation (mental, emotional and physical) on service failure perceptions of customers. Based on 472 scenariobased online surveys, it is established that customer participation in the service (co-production) causes customers to produce softer/milder responses after experiencing a service failure, though there are variations according to the type of participation. In general, customer participation in the service reduces customers' tendency to make complaints to hotel management, writing negative comments on Internet blogs and the intention to leave the hotel.