The adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR) was proposed as a convenient and practical method to evaluate adenoidal enlargement. We analyzed cephalometric radiographs of 150 children divided into 6 subgroups according to clinical assessment (possible adenoidectomy candidates [PACs] and controls) and age. Our purpose was to investigate the predictive reliability of different ANRs calculated on the same reference line. Each of the ANRs described in this study presented statistically significant differences between PACs and control groups, and highly significant correlations with clinical symptoms of nasal obstruction. Further, the mean adenoidal depth was significantly larger in PACs than in normals, and it was found that the adenoidal depth in PACs did not show a significant decrement with age. in contrast to normals. On the other hand, although nasopharyngeal depth was not different between PACs and normals, an age-dependent increment was observed in PACs, in contrast to normals. Thus, it could be said that the ANR is a more reliable method for determining whether adenoidal hyperplasia is clinically significant or not, rather than the size of the adenoid or nasopharynx.
In order to evaluate lymphatic metastasis to the supraretrospinal recess (SRSR) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we separately dissected SRSR lymph nodes and submitted them to pathological examination. Fifty-three lateral neck dissections (LNDs), 2 radical neck dissections (RNDs), and 19 modified RNDs were performed in 49 previously untreated patients with laryngeal SCC. The nodal status of the patients was N0 in 29 patients, N1 in 17, and N2 in 3. The neck was pathologically positive in both RNDs (100%), in 7 of 19 modified RNDs (37%), and in 7 of 53 LNDs (13%). No SRSR lymph nodes were positive in any of the dissection materials. No metastasis was found in the SRSR lymph nodes in the N0 necks treated with LND, and none was found even in N1 and N2 necks treated with RND or modified RND. We conclude that the SRSR may be left undissected during treatment of an N0 neck with LND so that accessory nerve dysfunction can be minimized and operative time can be saved.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinicopathologic data of salivary gland tumors managed at a tertiary referral medical center in Turkey. The data of 510 patients with salivary gland tumors managed during the period of January 1984 to May 2012, were reviewed. Only primary neoplasms derived from salivary glands were included. Out of 510 neoplasms, 352 (69.0 %) were classified as benign and 158 (31.0 %) were classified as malignant. There was a male predominance and male:female ratio was 1.23 (281/229). The most common location was parotid gland (372/510, 72.9 %) followed by minor salivary glands (97/510, 19.0 %) and submandibular gland (40/510, 7.9 %). The malignancy rates were 21.5, 40.0, and 56.7 % in parotid, submandibular, and minor salivary glands locations, respectively. The most common location for minor salivary gland neoplasms was oral cavity (61/97, 62.9 %). Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most common histopathological type (45.3 %) in the whole study group and also among pediatric patients. The most common malignant neoplasms were adenoid cystic carcinoma (39/510, 7.6 %) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (5.7 %). Salivary gland tumors are more common in men. The malignancy rate is almost three times higher in neoplasms derived from minor glands when compared to parotid gland. PA is the most common histopathological tumor type in all locations and in all age groups.
We studied the incidence of Frey s syndrom e and facial contour deformity in two groups of patients who had undergone supe rfic ial parotidectomy. One group was made up of 12 patients who were randomized to undergo reconstruction ofthe surgical defect with a sternocleidomastoid muscle jlap; the other 12 patients did not receive a jlap. All 24 patients were evaluated via a short questionnaire, the starch-iodine test, and a visual examination. On the questionnai re, none of the 24pati ents said they experienced abnormalfa cial sweating, flu shing, or warmth while eating, although 6 of the 12 patients in the nonjlap group had a mildly positive starch-iodine test. No patient in the flap group had a positive test. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups with respect to cosmetic results.
Objective: Serotonergic neurons innervating motoneurons increase their firing rates in response to respiratory challenges, and long-term facilitation of respiratory activity in response to hypoxia is serotonin (5-HT) dependent. Polymorphism of the genes which code for 5-HT receptors may affect functions of the serotonergic system, and may be associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The objective in this study was to assess the significance of T102C and –1438G/A polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene in OSAS. Methods: Fifty-five patients with OSAS and 102 healthy volun teers were included for genetic analyses of T102C and –1438G/A polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene. Results: For the T102C polymorphism, there was no significant difference between the patients and controls and both genders (p > 0.05). For the –1438G/A polymorphism, the A/A and G/A genotypes were overrepresented in the patients and controls, respectively (p = 0.045). In the control group, the genotypes of both genders were not significantly different (p > 0.05). In the patients, the A/A and G/A genotypes were overrepresented in males and females, respectively (p = 0.035). Concerning males, the A/A genotype was overrepresented in patients (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Serotonergic mechanisms appear to be related to OSAS. The T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene is not associated with OSAS. However, the –1438G/A polymorphism is associated with OSAS occurrence, especially in male patients. This polymorphism may also be associated with different OSAS incidences of both genders.
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