In this paper, a novel multilayer microstrip implant antenna (MIA) design based on the Archimedean spiral (AS) radiator element is presented for dual-band biotelemetric health care monitoring system. The proposed AS-MIA design has a layered structure consists of the spiral antenna elements and superstrate, namely layer #1 , layer #2 and layer #3 , respectively. While achieving the dual-band multi-layer implantable antenna design, firstly, each of the radiating elements in the respective layers is designed to cover separately in the desired bands, that is, layer#1 and layer#2 operate in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical 2.4–2.48 GHz) and MICS (Medical Implant Communication Services 402–405 MHz) bands, respectively. Subsequently the ultimate multilayered AS-MIA design is formed by combining the individually designed layers. The compact implantable antenna has a dimension of r = 5 mm radius and h = 3.81 mm height, owning the electrically size of 0.067 λ 0 and h = 0.051 λ 0, respectively, where λ 0 is free space wavelength at 402 MHz in MICS band. Since the AS-MIA is intended to be used in an intra-arm smart health system, the simulated radiation performances of the antenna in a created numerical arm phantom are presented in the article. Also note that numerical analysis of the implant antenna was carried out using CST MW studio simulator based on finite integral method. The prototype of the implantable antenna was fabricated using Rogers 3210 substrate with electrical permittivity of ε r = 10.2. In-vitro return loss measurements were realized in skin mimicking gels, suggested in the literature. It was observed that in vitro measurement and simulation results were quite compatible with each other, except for some discrepancies due to the manufacturing and material tolerances during the preparation of the prototype antenna and skin mimicking gels. The proposed AS-MIA offers a dual-band operation with 15 and 16% S 11 bandwidth at each band of 402 MHz and 2.4 GHz respectively where |S 11| ≤ 10 dB criterion along with 50-Ω system is considered. Also the proposed design can be a good candidate to be used in dual-band medical implant communication systems with its miniature size and reasonable radiation characteristics.
In this study, an implantable microstrip sandwiched (IMS) antenna for dual-band biotelemetry communication is proposed. The proposed antenna is comprised of a spiral shaped radiating element and a bended microstrip line sections. The radiating element is sandwiched between two thin substrates backed by a rectangular ground plane (GP). In addition, a shorting pin (SP) which connects radiating element to GP is used for miniaturization purpose. By optimizing the proposed antenna in terms of its size, feeding and SP position, the IMS antenna with only 10.6×10×1.27 mm 3 offers a dual band performance (VSWR<2) covering medical implant communication services (MICS) 402-405 MHz) and industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) 2.4-2.48 GHz) bands. It is numerically demonstrated that the proposed implant antenna offers 50% and 29% impedance bandwidth at the designated ISM and MICS frequency bands respectively. In the paper, numerical results for the proposed design are presented.
This paper presents a new microstrip implantable antenna (MIA) design based on the two-arm rectangular spiral (TARS) element for ISM band (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical 2.4–2.48 GHz) biotelemetric sensing applications. In the antenna design, the radiating element consists of a two-arm rectangular spiral placed on a ground-supported dielectric layer with a permittivity of ϵr = 10.2 and a metallic line surrounding this spiral. Considering the practical implementation, in the proposed TARS-MIA, a superstrate of the same material is used to prevent contact between the tissue and the metallic radiator element. The TARS-MIA has a compact size of 10 × 10 × 2.56 mm3 and is excited by a 50 Ω coaxial feed line. The impedance bandwidth of the TARS-MIA is from 2.39 to 2.51 GHz considering a 50 Ω system, and has a directional radiation pattern with directivity of 3.18 dBi. Numerical analysis of the proposed microstrip antenna design is carried out in an environment with dielectric properties of rat skin (Cole–Cole model ϵf (ω), ρ = 1050 kg/m3) via CST Microwave Studio. The proposed TARS-MIA is fabricated using Rogers 3210 laminate with dielectric permittivity of ϵr = 10.2. The in vitro input reflection coefficient measurements are realized in a rat skin-mimicking liquid reported in the literature. It is observed that the in vitro measurement and simulation results are compatible, except for some inconsistencies due to manufacturing and material tolerances. The novelty of this paper is that the proposed antenna has a unique two-armed square spiral geometry along with a compact size. Moreover, an important contribution of the paper is the consideration of the radiation performance of the proposed antenna design in a realistic homogeneous 3D rat model. Ultimately, the proposed TARS-MIA may be a good alternative for ISM-band biosensing operations with its miniature size and acceptable radiation performance compared to its counterparts.
Anahtar KelimelerMikroşerit antenler, Implant anten, ISM-bandı, Deri taklit sıvısı, Biyotelemetri Özet: Bu çalışmada, ISM-bandı (Industrial, Scientific and Medical 2.4 − 2.48GHz) tıbbi telemetri uygulamaları için fare derisi içerisinde çalışan yeni bir ekit mikroşerit anten tasarımı sunulmaktadır. Arşimet spiral elemanını temel alan anten tasarımında ışıma elemanı, toprak (GP) destekli dielektrik (Rogers RO3210, ε r = 10.2) tabaka üzerine yerleştirilmiştir. Önerilen mikroşerit ekit anten tasarımının sayısal modellenmesi ve analizi elektriksel olarak fare derisi özelliklerine sahip ortamda (cole-cole modeli, ε f (ω), ρ = 1050 kg/m 3 ) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, ekit anten yapısına ait sayısal analiz ve fare derisi taklit sıvısı içerisindeki ölçüm sonuçlarına yer verilmektedir. Benzerleriyle kıyaslandıgında oldukça küçük boyutlu (r=6 mm) önerilen anten tasarımına ait benzetim ve ölçüm sonuçlarının oldukça uyumlu oldugu gözlemlenmektedir. Ekit anten tasarımına ait sayısal analizler CST Microwave benzetim programı ile elde edilmiştir. Design of A Rat Skin Implantable Microstrip Spiral Antenna for ISM-Band Medical Telemetry Operations and In-Vitro Measurement KeywordsMicrostrip antennas, Implantable antenna, ISM-band, Skin-mimicking gel, BiotelemetryAbstract: In this paper, a rat skin implantable microstrip spiral antenna design for ISM-band medical telemetry operations has been introduced. In the antenna design Archimedean spiral shaped radiation element is placed on to the ground (GP) backed dielectric (Rogers RO3210, ε r = 10.2) substrate. Numerical modeling and analysis of the proposed implantable microstrip antenna design is carried out in a dielectric material having rat skin properties (cole-cole model, ε f (ω), ρ = 1050 kg/m 3 ). In the paper, numerical analysis results of the proposed implantable antenna design along with the corresponding in-vitro measurements are presented.It has been observed that the simulation and measurement results of the implantable antenna design, which is quite small (r = 6mm) compared its counterparts, are reasonably similar. We note that the numerical analysis of the proposed antenna designs have been carried out using CST Microwave Studio.
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