The ability of change of direction quickly, in other words agility, and short distance sprinting speed are two of the most important performance components for football referees. The tests used by FIFA and UEFA such as Cooper Test, Yo-Yo Intermittent Test, 40 × 75 m tests do not include testing the agility skills of the referees. However, especially the field referees changing their activities constantly. Otherwise, the short distance sprinting is another important factor to well positioning of the football referees. Especially, the assistant referees frequently performs short sprints to follow the offside line. For these reasons, we have compared 5 m, 10 m, 30 m sprint tests, T-Test, Arrowhead Agility Test and Illinois Agility Test scores of the football referees working in Ankara (City referees). All referees performed sprint tests twice and performed the agility tests one time. All tests have shown normal distribution frequencies. Our results showed that all of the six tests have shown positive correlations between (P<0,01). Additively, it could be said that the agility skill has a relationship with short distance sprinting because of the referees who showed better sprint performances were also found to have higher agility scores. Consequently, each of the 5 m, 10 m, 30 m, T-Test, Arrowhead and Illinois Agility Test could be used to assess the performance of the referees.
The football referees perform many actions as jogging, running, sprinting, side steps and backward steps during a football match. Further, the football referees change match activities every 5-6 seconds. Many tests are being conducted to determine the physical levels and competences of football referees like 50 m running, 200 m running, 12 minutes Cooper test, 6 × 40 m etc. All of these tests include straight runnings dominantly. However, the football is not completely full of straight runnings. Quickness, turning skills and changing direction speed namely agility is the crucial for referees to maintain well positioning during match. For this reason, we have modified the classical T-Test for referees by addition side steps, quick turnings and backward steps to test agility skills and their speed. And we compared the T-Test scores with 10 meters and 30 meters sprint tests scores of 74 male referees (Ankara, Turkey) who regularly participating in trainings and regularly refereeing in matches. All referees performed 10 meters and 30 meters sprint tests twice and we recorded the best sprint times. The referees performed the T-Test one time. All three tests have shown normal distribution frequencies. Our results showed a significant corelation between all of three tests; 10 meters and 30 meters (r = 0,660; P < 0,01), 10 meters and T-Test (r = 0,226; P < 0,01), 30 meters and T-Test (r = 0,269; P < 0,01). These results showed that, T-Test scores will be usable to determine 10 meters and 30 meters sprint level of the referees and additionally, T-Test could also give information about levels of other crutial skills for referees as agility. In conclusion, our data showed that the modified T-Test for referees could be used for testing each of the running speed and agility skills of the soccer referees.
Background and Study Aim. Agility performance, which is a skill related to fast change of direction, explosiveness, and quickness, is a vital performance component for team sports. Illuminating factors that affect agility is substantial to understand the ability requirements and improve. This study aims to investigate correlations of the body analyze parameters and agility performance. Material and Methods. One hundred twenty three young participants (93 male, 30 female) were included in this research. Height, weight, fat (%), fat (kg), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass, total body water (TBW, kg, and %), bone mass, basal metabolic rate (BMR), metabolic age, visceral rating, and body mass index (BMI) measured for all participants. Illinois Agility Test (IAT) was used to analyze agility performance. A questionnaire including questions about the physical activity level of participants was applied to all participants after IAT. Results. Results showed that height was a dominant determinant of IAT performance. There were significant positive correlations between height (negative correlation in women), body weight, fat percentage, fat mass, and visceral rating level (p < 0.05). TBW (%) had a negative relation with IAT duration (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of IAT between the participants who stated their physical activity levels as low, medium and high (p = 0.025*). Increased daily physical activity level and daily step count increased the agility performance (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Coaches and athletes should be considered especially body weight, fat (%), hydration status, and daily physical activity level to improve agility performance.
Talent selection is the most important phase to train elite athletes for future. In the talent selection stages, there are many important criteria's have shown in the literature. The age is an important criterion. Besides, physical fitness, anthropometric data's have used to the testing athletes for talent selection. On the other hand, the cognitive, perceptual and motor skills are also important factors to determine talented individuals. Researchers have conducted many tests for talent selection also include genetic testing nowadays. This review summarizes the most important criteria's and the most commonly used tests roughly.
Covid-19 pandemic dramatically affected soccer. Many competitions played without an audience in the 2019/2020 season. The aim of this study was to analyze Points (P), Goals Forward (GF), and Goals Away (GA) per game in Turkish Super League (TSL), Premier League, Bundesliga, La Liga, and Serie A before (BP) and After Pandemic restrictions (AP) during the 2019/2020 season separately and together. The tables of five leagues were separated into two terms as BP and AP, and P, GF, and GA were calculated for each period. Average P, GF, and GA per game were statistically compared. Paired samples t-test and paired samples correlations were used for statistical analysis. The obtained results showed that home P and GA increased AP in TSL without statistical significance. In parallel, home P and GF increased AP in Premier League and La Liga and showed significant correlations (p<0.05). In contrast, in Bundesliga and La Liga, home P and GF decreased AP with significant correlation (p<0.05). In La Liga, away GA significantly decreased AP (p=0.010148*). When all results of all teams (n=98) were compared together, home P (r=0.4371; p=0.000007***) and GA decreased AP and showed significant correlations. Furthermore, away P (r=0.386661; p=0.000084***) and GF (r=0.505488; p=0.000001***) increased with significant correlation. These results showed that the Covid-19 pandemic dissimilarly affected different leagues. However, overall results showed that home performances decreased and away results increased AP.
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