BACKGROUND: Grape berries exhibit various beneficial health effects due to the potent antioxidant roles of their phenolic compounds. A new Vitis vinifera grape cultivar (Karaerik) grown in Turkey has attracted growing interest due to its antioxidant phenolic compounds, which have still not been investigated. The phenolic/anthocyanin profile needs to be investigated to ascertain its potential health benefits and market value in the region. The present study therefore involves a detailed characterization of the anthocyanin composition of 'Karaerik' grape berries in conjunction with a determination of the antioxidant capacity value of the phenolics present in the skin and the whole berry. RESULTS: Total phenolic compounds (average 8.56 and 2.88 g gallic acid equivalent kg −1 fresh weight) and anthocyanin (7.48 and 1.66 g mv-3-glc equivalent kg −1 fresh weight) contents varied significantly in the skin and whole berry. Malvidin-based anthocyanins made the highest contribution to the pigment content of the berry. Accordingly, the major anthocyanin in the skin (average 42.08 mol%) and whole berry (39.98 mol%) was malvidin-3-glucoside (mv-3-glc). In addition, we found strong evidence of the occurrence of sometimes reported malvidin-3-pentoside and particularly of the not previously reported feruloyl derivative of malvidin-3-(6 ′′ -feruloyl)-glucoside (mv-3-ferglc) for V. vinifera grapes.CONCLUSION: The current study is the first report to profile the anthocyanins of the grape with a detailed description of the rare and novel anthocyanin in V. vinifera grapes. The berry is also a potential source of phenolics/anthocyanins with a high antioxidant capacity value and is worthy of comparison with other V. vinifera grapes.
Grape berries are a good source of nutrients and nutraceuticals and have many benefits for human health. Growing interest in the export potential and consumption of a new grape (cv. Karaerik), cultivated as a table grape in Turkey, encouraged us to profile its major nutrient contents from six different locations. Due to its popularity, the nutritional value of this grape berry needs to be investigated to ascertain its potential economic and health benefits. The most abundant sugars in the grape berry were fructose and glucose (peel/whole fruit; averages 236.57 and 127.87, and 183.36 and 108.60 (g kg-1 fresh weight), respectively), while the major organic acids were tartaric and malic acids (7.17 and 2.81, and 2.61 and 1.76(g kg-1 fresh weight), respectively). Linoleic acid (peel/whole fruit/seed; 37.14, 33.12 and 57.83%, respectively) was the predominant fatty acid, while potassium (peel/whole fruit/seed; 9331.5, 10226.33 and 5354 mg/g dry weight, respectively) was the predominant mineral, followed by phosphorus (1592.8, 2672 and 3072.67) in the berry. Our results demonstrate that the nutrient components and physicochemical parameters varied significantly among the sampling locations. The grape berry contains considerable quantities of potentially beneficial healthy nutrients worthy of further evaluation.
In this study, a world map featured in Divan-ı Lugati't-Türk and drawn by Kashgarli Mahmud was made interactive through the use of Seyyah, a geographic information system (GIS) application developed in response to ADDIE, an instructional design teaching model. The geographical symbols and notes on the world map drawn by Kashgarli Mahmud were transferred to Seyyah's database so evidence-based learning could occur. The aim of the research is to evaluate the process of transforming the information obtained by the Social Studies teacher candidates with evidence into a jointly structured knowledge with the political literacy skill. The study is a qualitative action research project using a technical, scientific and collaborative approach. In this context, descriptive analysis was used to interpret the political literacy information which was interpreted and organized by Social Science teacher candidates into Seyyah's database. A standardized open-ended interview was conducted with the teacher candidates to detect the relationship between the use of Seyyah with evidence-based learning, political literacy and culture, the common structuring process and general status of information. Data from ten Social Science teacher candidates was analyzed by content analysis. The Social Science teacher candidates in the study were determined by the maximum diversity method which is a purposeful sampling method. According to the findings from Seyyah's database, Social Studies teacher candidates organized the political literacy information from the world map under four elements: cities; countries; regions and physical geography elements. There were three different categories of political knowledge in other geographical signs and nations themes. Findings obtained from the opinions of candidates show that Seyyah requires the use of high-level thinking skills in evidence-based learning to jointly structure political literacy information in a database, and present and evaluate Turkish culture in a different form.
Bu çalışmada ortaokul öğrencilerinin sosyal katılım becerilerini belirleyebilmek için yeni bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde öncelikli olarak 90 maddelik bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Belirlenen maddeler alan uzmanlarının görüşleri doğrultusunda gözden geçirilmiş, kapsam geçerliği sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Düzeltmelerden sonra elde edilen taslak ölçek, 2021-2022 öğretim yılının ikinci döneminde Bingöl il merkezindeki ortaokul öğrencilerine uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği faktör analizi ile saptanmıştır. Çalışmada iki faktörlü (1. faktör: sosyal değişime açıklık; 2. faktör: aktif katılım ve liderlik) varyansın %48.71’ini açıklayan 20 maddelik bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin tamamının Cronbach α katsayısı 0.926, birinci alt boyutunun Cronbach α değerleri ise sırasıyla 0.891 ve ikinci alt boyutunun Cronbach α katsayısı 0.853’tür. Buna göre tarafımızdan geliştirilen yeni Sosyal Katılım Becerisi Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu, yani araştırmanın başarıyla sonuçlandığını söylemek mümkündür.
BACKGROUND ‘Karaerik’ is a novel table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) native to Turkey and widely cultivated in areas bordering the city of Erzincan. Because of the demonstrated beneficial effects on human health of the grape phenolic composition, the aim of this work was to conduct a detailed profiling of non‐anthocyanin phenolic fractions from different grape tissues of the ‘Karaerik’ table grape. Both qualitative and quantitative characterization of phenolic compounds were achieved using high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Total phenolic content and oxygen radical absorbance capacity were also determined to evaluate the antioxidant properties of this table grape. RESULTS A high number of non‐anthocyanin phenolic compounds was identified in ‘Karaerik’ table grape skins and seeds, including 11 flavonols, six hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, two stilbenes, several monomeric and dimeric flavan‐3‐ols and proanthocyanidins. Quercetin‐type derivatives dominated the flavonol profile of grape skins, followed by myricetin type. Tartaric acid esters of three acids (caffeic, coumaric and ferulic acids) were the main hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in this cultivar. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in flavan‐3‐ol composition among the grape tissues. Proanthocyanidins were the most abundant class of phenolic compounds in ‘Karaerik’ grapes, being mainly located in seeds. Higher antioxidant capacity values were determined in grape seeds, in correlation with the total phenolic content. CONCLUSION These results provide useful information for a better understanding of phenolic antioxidants from the ‘Karaerik’ table grape and will contribute to promoting the varietal identity and health‐related properties of this fruit. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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