Recently, new single or hybrid/combined processes have attracted much attention for treatment of textile and dyeing wastewaters. These processes which may be termed as state of the art technologies are membrane separation processes, ultrasonic, photochemical and electrochemical processes. "lthough the conventional methods still have been tried with some new materials such as, new adsorbents or coagulants, employing the new generation methods such as, electrocagulation-electrooxidation, sonooxidation or photo oxidation are gaining in popularity when the treatment of textile wastewaters is discussed. The purpose of the book chapter is to bring an overview on the new treatment methods for textile wastewaters, one of the most important source of environmental pollution. Despite the fact that there is no uniform standard currently, many countries have legalized some strict discharging standards and scientists and researchers face new technologies including electrical, sonic, magnetic, optical and thermal methods. "lthough many researches on treatment of synthetic or real wastewaters with various methods are available, very few researches have been carried out on the cutting-edge technologies. Moreover, there are a lot of review article or book chapters on textile wastewater treatment processes individually based on each conventional process such as coagulation, adsorption, chemical oxidation, and biological decolorization. Therefore, in this part of the book, following major and minor titles are stated truly on the aforementioned new technologies. "esides, these parts are not only about cutting-edge technologies, but also related with conventional methods and their new applications in colored wastewater treatment area briefly.

In this study, the effects of operational parameters such as initial pH, current density, electrolysis time, and initial dye concentrations on the decolorization of Reactive Yellow 135 (RY 135) solutions and the treatment of a textile wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) with aluminum electrodes were investigated separately. Total organic carbon (TOC) and dye removal ratios were used to measure the treatment efficiency. Energy and electrode consumptions were calculated per m3 of dye solution and per kg of pollutant removed. Amount of sludge produced after EC was also reported per m3 of dye solution. For a complete technical analysis, chemical coagulation experiments with aluminum salts were also carried out. Different direct and indirect cost items including energy, sacrificial electrodes, labor, sludge handling and disposal, maintenance, and depreciation costs have been considered in the calculation of the total operating cost. Under the optimum parameters found in this study, 0.23 $/m3 of total operating cost was acquired with 81% of COD, 85% of TOC, 93.7% of turbidity, and 97.1% of TSS removal efficiencies in treatment of the textile wastewater with EC. 0.11 kWh/m3 of energy and 0.03 kg/m3 of aluminum were consumed while 0.15 kg/m3 of sludge were produced in the process. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011

In this study, two case studies were carried out: Electrocoagulation (EC) of a reactive textile dye solution and a textile wastewater. Stainless steel (SS) and iron (Fe) electrodes were used as sacrificial electrodes in parallel connection modes. Effects of pH, current density, and operating time on performance of EC were investigated. Optimum parameters obtained from dye experiments were applied to treatment of the textile wastewater. According to the experimental results, SS electrodes were found to be superior compared with Fe electrodes for treatment of both the dye and the textile wastewater. By using SS electrodes, the textile wastewater was electrocoagulated successfully with 89.7% of COD, 91.2% of TOC, 90.3% of turbidity, and 94.1% of TSS removal efficiencies as well as 2.43 kWh/m3 of energy and 0.05 kg/m3 of electrode consumptions, 1.061 kg/m3 of sludge production, and 0.62 $/m3 of total operating cost. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 60–68, 2013.

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