As global value chains have taken shape, the geographic concentration of production in specific centers or hubs to minimize production costs is an issue that has been raised following the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. The criticism typically highlights how the production capacity within these global value chains is insufficient to meet the global needs for medical equipment and devices in this type of crisis. This study uses complex network analysis to examine the global trade structure of surgical masks and medical ventilators and its general patterns. The findings of this study conducted between 2019 and 2020 show that this trade structure has complex network properties and a core-periphery structure. A comparative evaluation of the results from these 2 years also reveals the economic fragility of the ventilator trade network even if it is easier to adapt urgent conditions in mask trade. In addition, according to the network analysis and the authority centrality values for 2020 the fact that the highest-ranked countries for ventilator imports are almost exclusively developed countries suggests that the trade structure might also indicate a moral deterioration. In sum, the empirical findings confirm that the structure of the current global value chains will not be immune to supply shocks during emergencies such as a pandemic.
In today's globalized world, economic activities are performed beyond the physical boundaries of countries. It can be seen as increasing activities such as trade of goods, financial flows and trade of intermediate goods. Network analysis, that has been used to analyze formations of complex systems recently, is frequently used to investigate these global economic relations. In this context, international trade networks, financial networks and global production networks (input-output networks) are some of the fields that are analyzed in an interdisciplinary way. In this study, it is aimed to analyze interbank cross-border flows at country-level by applying network analysis. Thus, we expect to investigate the systemic importance and vulnerabilities of countries in international banking sector by applying HITs algorithm from 2006 to 2015. HITs algorithm has an advantage since it takes second order adjacencies of countries into consideration. As a consequence of the analysis, it will be possible to see the effects of global and Eurozone crises on systemic importance and vulnerabilities of countries.
The pandemic indicates that the use of digital technologies is going to become more important hereafter. In such a world where countries need to take action to shape their future in accordance with this 'new normal', the policies followed by countries in high technological sectors will be determinative on their positions within global value chains in the future. Based on this, international trade of industrial robots among the Belt and Road Initiative members is analyzed via complex network tools in the present study. The empirical results indicated that the international trade network of industrial robots has complex system properties such as power-law distribution, disassortativity, core-periphery structure etc. The results also revealed that developing members of the Initiative may exploit export hubs of the network, namely South Korea, Singapore, Austria and Italy in order to digitalize their economies in the shortterm.
Rasyonell k ve homojenl k varsayımları le kt sad ajanlar arasındak etk leş m göz ardı eden tems l ajan yaklaşımı, d nam k stokast k genel denge modeller ne dayanan yerleş k kt sada duyulan güven n azalmasına yol açmıştır. 1990'ların sonlarından t baren ajan tabanlı hesaplamalı yaklaşım f nansal kt sat, endüstr yel organ zasyon, makro kt sat, pol t k kt sat ve kt ad ağ oluşumu başta olmak üzere sosyal b l mlerde yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Son olarak 2008 küresel f nansal kr z yerleş k, kt sadın daha yüksek sesle tartışılmasına ve ajan tabanlı yaklaşımın daha çok ben msenmes ne neden olmuştur. Bu yen yaklaşım araştırmacılara pas f haldek f z ksel varlıklardan durumları, nanışları ve davranış kuralları olan akt f karar alıcılara kadar çeş tl ajanların bulunduğu yapay b r dünya kurmalarına mkân vermekted r. Bu yapay dünyalarda ajanların b rb rler yle ya da çevreler yle etk leş m onların adapt f (uyarlanab l r) olmasına ve kompleks adapt f b r s stem meydana get rmeler ne z n vermekted r. Bu çalışmada, ajan tabanlı yaklaşımın temel unsurlarının ncelenmes ve DSGE modeller ne göre üstünlükler n n göster lmes amaçlanmıştır.
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