Background Exosomes, as a family member of extracellular vesicles, are cell‐secreted nanoscale structures that play pivotal roles in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes of the skin. Exosomes induce communication between cells and are responsible for transporting cellular components such as microRNAs, mRNAs, DNA, lipids, metabolites, and cell‐surface proteins. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials searched the contribution of exosomes to skin functions and disorders. Thus, exosomes are gaining increasing attention within investigational dermatology. In advance, stem‐cell‐derived exosomes were integrated into the functional cosmetics industry nominated as cell‐free regenerative medicine. Objective This review aims to demonstrate the roles of exosomes in inflammatory skin disorders, stem cell, and tumor biology through a comprehensive evaluation of the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic perspectives. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed using electronic online databases "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" using key words ''exosomes'', ''skin'', ''wound healing''. Conclusion Exosomes are regarded as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various skin diseases. Future prospects are repurposing exosomes to treat skin disorders, either as drug carriers or drugs themselves.
Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The pathogenesis of HS is not clear, and the triggering mechanism for the initiation of the disease is still a controversy. Aims The present study aims to investigate the relationship between thiol‐disulfide homeostasis (TDH), ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA), and HS. To our knowledge, this will be the first report evaluating TDH and IMA status in HS. Patients/Methods The study included 30 patients with HS as the patient group and 30 healthy individuals as the control group. For determination of HS severity, Hurley and Hidradenitis suppurativa physician global assessment (PGA) scores were used. One tube venous blood specimen from every participant was obtained. IMA and TDH tests were analyzed in sera of participants. The results were evaluated statistically. Results Disulfide (p < 0.001), Index I (p = 0.001), and Index II (p = 0.001) levels in HS group were significantly higher than control group. IMA levels in patients with higher Hurley scores are significantly higher (p = 0.032, r = 0.39). A positive correlation was observed between IMA level and disease duration (p = 0.021, r = 0.42). Conclusions The shift in thiol/disulfide balance toward disulfide and significant increase in IMA levels put out the importance of oxidation status in HS etiopathogenesis.
In this study, we hypothesized whether cryosurgery could be used effectively for the removal of perichondrium in a simpler and easily reproducible model instead of the previously described conventional surgery. Methods The study was carried out with the approval of the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of our institution (no. 14/190). Six young male New Zealand white rabbits (3,000 to 3,500 g) were used. The animals were kept under standardized housing and animal care conditions following the guidelines of the ethics committee. Surgical procedure Removal of the perichondrium was performed with conventional surgery on the left ears and cryosurgery was performed on the right ears. To prevent any possible performance bias, surgical removal was performed by an experienced surgeon as previously
Bier spots are a distinct pattern of vascular mottling. Most reported cases are in young adults, with the youngest case in the literature at age 15 years. We report two children, ages 11 and 12 years, with Bier spots. Patient 1 was an 11-year-old boy who presented with white spots on the dorsal aspect of his hands. Patient 2 was a 12-year-old girl who presented with similar spots on the dorsal aspect of her left forearm and left hand. In both patients, the spots were visible when extremities were placed in a dependent position and disappeared with elevation of the extremity. Both patients were otherwise healthy.
Botulinum neurotoxin (BONT) is the most commonly used minimal invasive cosmetic procedure. It is known as a most potent toxin to human being and caused to deaths of many people in the 17th century due to botulism. Today, it has been approved as a therapeutic agent for various cosmetic and medical purposes all over the world. 1 The action mechanism of BONT includes several steps, and the most important is the inhibition of acetylcholine (Ach) release from the synaptic vesicle, thus compromising signal induction through the neuromuscular junction. 2 Consensus panel published about BONT in 2004 suggests that BONT may not be as fragile as previously supposed due to its complex protein contents. 3,4 Numerous precious studies have eliminated some of the taboos about our understanding of BONT, and one of the most important foundations of these studies was
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