Some studies showed that ash from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch has relatively high potassium and other minerals and is commonly used directly for soil improver. In this work, we studied the production and characterization of ash from gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce NPK fertilizer. Oil Palm EFB ash produced from various gasification temperature were characterized by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) to identify its composition. The fertilizer formula was developed by using EFB ash for potassium source, while nitrogen and phosphates are each obtained from Urea and Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). NPK fertilizer production was conducted through some processes, including formulation, mixing, granulation, and drying. The characterization of fertilizer and EFB ash was done using Scanning Microscope Electron/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The fertilizer was also tested to the red onion plant compared to commercial NPK fertilizer through small scale field tests using polybags.
Etilen sebagai produk petrokimia yang penting dapat dibuat dari bioetanol menggunakan katalis ZSM5. Zeolit sintetis ZSM5 dapat dibuat menggunakan zeolit alam yang banyak tersedia di Indonesia. Proses pembuatan ZSM5 menggunakan metode hidrotermal pada temperatur 180°C selama 24 jam. Sebagai agen pengarah terbentuknya struktur ZSM-5 tersebut digunakan template TPABr (Tetra Prophyl Ammonium Bromide). Kalsinasi produk ZSM5 dilakukan pada temperatur 600°C selama 1 jam. Karakterisasi ZSM-5 yang dilakukan antara lain analisis struktur dan kristalinitas, observasi morfologi permukaan menggunakan metode Difraksi Sinar X, Scanning Electron Microscopy, dan physisorption untuk mempelajari sifat pori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dihasilkannya ZSM-5 dengan kristalinitas sekitar 110 %. Kristal ZSM-5 yang dihasilkan berbentuk kubus dengan luas permukaan spesifik BET 300 m2/g, volume pori sekitar 0,13 Cm3/g. Distribusi ukuran pori yang sempit mengindikasikan ukuran pori yang seragam dengan ukuran rata-rata 0.55 nm.
Along with population growth and its activities, in business-as-usual approach, the energy needs to support these activities will be even greater. Up to this point, the fulfillment of energy sources is still dominated by fossil fuels. Therefore, innovation and technology development explore all potentials related to, especially, renewable fuel. Hydrogen (H2) is a potential energy carrier with an energy content 2.75 times higher energy than hydrocarbon fuels. Previous research using Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as a raw material has been carried out on 2.5 dm3 and 40 dm3 scales. Based on these results, a scaling-up system was designed as a bio-Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) for the production of H2 from a capacity of 900 dm3 by modifying the existing reactor. The bio H2 production system was designed by considering the feed stream will flow from the bottom and stream up through high concentration activated sludge which will decompose the organic content in POME. POME flow up and out through the overflow pipe. Meanwhile, the biogas, H2 and CO2, will flow through the upper pipe and be channeled to the biogas holder. POME feeding is designed to inflow up laminar so that POME decomposition occurs gradually as indicated by the decreasing COD and BOD values at the bottom and overflow. The difference in COD and BOD concentrations in the bio-CSTR shows a positive effect on the 1 m 3 bio-CSTR. The bio CSTR was equipped with impellers in 4 different levels to maintain uniformity at each level. Thus the form of POME flow is laminar and non stagnant. The result showed COD decreased between the bottom and the overflow reached 5280 ppm. In addition, the pH only changes to a maximum of 0.1. Both data indicated that biological processes working well and do not influence the operational condition Novelty: This bio CSTR design for biogas H2 production is a modification of an existing bio H2 production system that uses POME as raw material and has a working volume of around 1 m3 (1000 liters). The previous system mixed with the bottom functioning on top by using circulation in the bioreactor. There hasn't been any decent data on H2 biogas production until recently. Modification of the H2 biogas production system is carried out by adding a stirring system that works in a laminar flow -non stagnant. Another added feature is the heating system for pretreatment, which can be used both for conditioning the seeding culture consortium biogas H2 and for the preparation of feeding into bio-CSTR. A diaphragm pump that can work for sludge is also included in the system. Currently, research on the maximum H2 biogas production is being carried out on a 2.5 liter scale 1). Novelty in this research is to design a bio CSTR on a scale of 1 m 3 which can also be utilized to produce H2 biogas from POME.
Pabrik kelapa sawit menghasilkan 0,7 – 1 m3 limbah cair kelapa sawit atau palm oil mill effluent (POME) setiap ton TBS. Untuk pabrik sawit dengan kapasitas 30 ton tandan buah segar per jam, akan dihasilkan 6 ton minyak sawit, 6 ton limbah fiber, 10 ton cangkang dan limbah cair yang dapat menghasilkan listrik 1MW. Proses fermentasi limbah POME ini akan menghasilkan biogas dengan kandungan utama metana (CH4) sebesar 62%. Biogas adalah campuran gas yang diproduksi oleh sekelompok mikroorganisme dengan menguraikan material biodegradable pada kondisi anaerobik. Biogas sebagian besar terdiri atas 50% sampai dengan 70% metana (CH4), 30% sampai 45% karbon dioksida (CO2) dan sedikit kandungan gas lainnya seperti H2S, H2, N2, dan uap air. Untuk dapat memanfaatkan biogas hasil metanisasi dari POME untuk dikonversi menjadi listrik, maka biogas harus terlebih dahulu dilakukan permunian untuk menyesuaikan spesifikasi biogas sebagai bahan bakar gas dengan persyaratan mesin gas yang digunakan. Komponen-komponen di dalam biogas yang perlu dihilangkan ataupun dikurangi meliputi kandungan air, padatan, dan senyawa sulphur. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan sistem proses pemurnian biogas dengan menggunakan Bioscrubber untuk mengurangi kandungan gas H2S dan Dehumidifier untuk mengurangi kandungan uap air dalam produk biogas sehingga dihasilkan biogas dengan spesifikasi yang sesuai dengan umpan Gas Engine.
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