Background: The plant Newbouldia laevis, commonly known as boundary tree, is a medium sized angiosperm which belongs to the family of Bignoniaceae. It is a native of trospical Africa. Extracts of all parts of Newbouldia laevis have been shown to exhibit antihypertensive property. Blood pressure is the optimal force needed to move blood through the body at rest and during physical activity while not exposing the arterial system to excessive force. An increase in blood pressure above the optimal level for an individual indicates that the cardiovascular system is abnormal in some way, and if this persists, damage to the heart and other vital organs will occur. Hypertension is not a threshold disease even though the current definition is commonly equated with blood pressure level above 140 / 90 mmHg. Objectives: To investigate the antihypertensive property of methanolic extract of Newbouldia Laevis on adult cats. This could be of relevance in the treatment of hypertension in clinical medicine in the near future. Methodology: An operating table was set up and ten adult cats of either sex were given pentobarbitone injection (40mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Little quantity of diethylether was given to the animals by inhalation so as to fully anaesthesize the animals. The animals were then made to lie on their back on the operating table with the fore and hind limbs tied firmly to the table. Incisions were made on their neck regions and the left hind limbs and cannulas were fixed on three points; the femoral vein, the carotid artery and the trachea. Heparin was injected through the femoral vein to aid free flow of blood. The carotid artery cannula was connected to a blood pressure transducer which was also linked to an electric recorder which made tracing showing the effect of the drugs on the blood pressure of the animals. The different doses of the extract were administered through the femoral vein until the end of the experiment. Results: The result showed that at the doses of 10-100ug, the extract gave a blood pressure lowering effect. When the control was administered, there was no effect on the blood pressure of the cats, while the standards showed expected effects. The acute toxicity test showed that proteins, alkaloids, oil, acidic compound, resins, carbohydrate, flavinoids, reducing sugar and tannin were present. Conclusion: The extract of Newbouldia Laevis exhibited anti-hypertensive action. This could find some relevance in the treatment of hypertension in clinical medicine. Clinicians and pharmacologists will find this study highly relevant with a view to actually formulating a medicament from the extract that could be effectively used in humans for the treatment of hypertension.
Background: Peptic ulcer results from an imbalance between ulcer promoting factors (gastric acid, pepsin secretion) and ulcer preventing factors (gastric mucosa, prostaglandins). Unripe plantain and cabbage when used individually were effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer in folkloric medium. This hereby paved way for this research that involved the co-administration of aqueous extracts of Musa paradisiaca (plantain) and Brassica oleracea (cabbage) in the treatment of peptic ulcer. Objectives: To evaluate the healing effect of the aqueous extracts of Musa paradisiaca (plantain) and Brassica oleracen (cabbage) on peptic ulcer in rats, and the possible effect of these materials as prophylaxis against peptic ulcer. This could pave way for the production of anti-peptic ulcer drugs for use in clinical medicine. Methodology: A total of 45 rats of both sexes weighing 200-250g were used for this study. In the prophylactic study, 15 adult albino wistar rats were used. The animals were grouped into 5 groups of 3 animals each and were starved for 24 hrs before the experiment. Group 1 received 0.3ml of distilled water, group 2 received 100mg/kg of cimetidine, group 3 received 100mg/kg of Brassica oleracae extract, group 4 received 100mg/kg of Musa parasidiaca extract and group 5 received a combination of Musa paradistaca and Brassica oleracea extracts at the dose of 50mg/kg+ 50 mg/kg. I hr post treatment, peptic ulcer was induced in all the animals by a single oral administration of 30mg/kg of Indomethacin. 8 hrs after ulcer induction, each animal was sacrificed and the number of lesions in the stomach was counted. In the curative study, a total number of 30 rats were used. They were grouped into 5 groups of 6 animals each. The animals were denied access to food and water for 24hrs. Ulcer was induced in all the groups by single oral administration of 30mg/kg indomethacin. 8 hrs post ulcer induction, 2 animals from each group were sacrificed and the number of ulcer counted. The remaining animals in each group received treatment as follows: group 1 received 0.3ml of distilled water, group 2 received 100mg/kg of cimetidine, group 3 received 100mg/kg of Brassica oleracea extract, group 4 received 100mg/kg of Musa paradisiaca extract and group 5 received 50mg/kg combination of Musa paradisiaca and Brassica extract. They received the treatment for three days, then another 2 animals from each group were sacrificed and their number of ulcers counted. The remaining animals contained to receive treatment for another three days before their ulcer index were determined. The LD 50 test was carried out using the Lorke's method. The phytochemical analysis was conducted using the trease and Evans method. Results: It showed that the co-administration of aqueous extract of Musa paradisiaca and Brassica oleracea possessed peptic ulcer healing activity, and had more of prophylactic effect than curatve effect. It also showed that the separate dose of Musa paradisiaca extract and Brassica oleracea possesses more curative anti ulcer action wh...
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