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Three field experiments were conducted in order to estimate the magnitudes of variability of some important characters of the "Balady" cultivar of lettuce and to study the efficiency of two cycles of mass selection and individual plant selection for two generations, as two breeding methods, on the studied economical characters. Heritability percentages in broad sense and phenotypic correlation coefficients among all possible pairs, of the studied characters, were also estimated. This study was carried out at the Experimental Station Farm

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During this study, 21 garlic genotypes consisted of ten clones of Egyptian cultivar, nine clones of Chinese cultivar, as well as their original populations were evaluated to estimate the extent of improvement in four yield component traits after six cycles of clonal selection. Also, simple phenotypic correlation among these traits and their relationship with yield. Besides estimating linear and quadratic responses (simple and multiple regression); to clarify the relationship between yield and the four studied characteristics. This research has been conducted at the Research farm of Faculty of Agriculture in "Abies" area of Alexandria University, Egypt, for 2020/2021 during the winter season, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied traits were included bulb weight, cloves weight per bulb, average clove weight, cloves number per bulb, and yield per plot. T-test in group reflected a significant improvement in the four yield components traits, whether in the improved clones of Egyptian or Chinese cultivar. The results illustrated, also, that yield per plot showed a highly significant positive correlation with bulb weight, cloves weight per bulb, and average clove weight. Stepwise regression indicated that more than 98% of the variation in yield is explained by bulb weight, average clove weight, and cloves number per bulb. Thus, high yield of garlic plants can be obtained by selecting breeding materials with these aforementioned three variables.

This study aimed to improve the local okra cultivar (cv. Balady) by accessing superior earliness pure lines using an individual plant selection breeding program. Six cycles of individual plant selection were carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station Farm at Abies region, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt, which resulted in ten pure lines with distinct horticultural traits. The selected pure lines were evaluated in the summer season of 2020 with the original population. The results showed that the pure lines L5 and L1 recorded significantly the lowest mean values compared to all the genotypes for the earliness traits, viz., days number to first flower and pod, as well as days number to 50% flowering, and days number to first harvest. Moreover, the selected pure lines significantly exceeded the original population in the characteristics of early and total yield per plant, and the three pure lines L4, L8, and L9 were the most distinguished for these traits. Concerning correlation estimates, the characteristics of earliness reflected positive and significant correlations between one another, as well as, with the characteristics plant height and early yield as the number of pods. The results of cluster analysis illustrated that the first group (I) was distinguished as being the earliest, while the third (III) and fourth (IV) clusters were the best for the productivity traits. So, it is recommended to use the pure lines L4, L8, and L9 to improve total and early yield as well as the earliness traits.