SIGNIFICANCE There is a critical need for tools that increase the accessibility of eye care to address the most common cause of vision impairment: uncorrected refractive errors. This work assesses the performance of an affordable autorefractor, which could help reduce the burden of this health care problem in low-resource communities. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to validate the commercial version of a portable wavefront autorefractor for measuring refractive errors. METHODS Refraction was performed without cycloplegia using (1) a standard clinical procedure consisting of an objective measurement with a desktop autorefractor followed by subjective refraction (SR) and (2) with the handheld autorefractor. Agreement between both methods was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis and by comparing the visual acuity (VA) with trial frames set to the resulting measurements. RESULTS The study was conducted on 54 patients (33.9 ± 14.1 years of age) with a spherical equivalent (M) refraction determined by SR ranging from −7.25 to 4.25 D (mean ± SD, −0.93 ± 1.95 D). Mean differences between the portable autorefractor and SR were 0.09 ± 0.39, −0.06 ± 0.13, and 0.02 ± 0.12 D for M, J 0, and J 45, respectively. The device agreed within 0.5 D of SR in 87% of the eyes for spherical equivalent power. The average VAs achieved from trial lenses set to the wavefront autorefractor and SR results were 0.02 ± 0.015 and 0.015 ± 0.042 logMAR units, respectively. Visual acuity resulting from correction based on the device was the same as or better than that achieved by SR in 87% of the eyes. CONCLUSIONS This study found excellent agreement between the measurements obtained with the portable autorefractor and the prescriptions based on SR and only small differences between the VA achieved by either method.
En este trabajo analizamos el sector cultural y creativo de la CAPV para entender su peso dentro de la economía vasca, su evolución en los últimos ocho años y su distribución espacial, a partir de los datos estadísticos del Eustat. Nuestro análisis muestra que las industrias culturales y creativas representan el 5,7% de las empresas vascas, un porcentaje superior al del Estado y similar al de Cataluña. Además, el peso de este sector se ha mantenido relativamente estable durante los años de recesión, lo que da muestra de su dinamismo. En cuanto a la distribución espacial, las industrias culturales se concentran en las ciudades y algunas comarcas con una fuerte tradición cultural. Las causas de este patrón de localización parecen estar tanto en la demanda, por la cercanía a los consumidores, como en el lado de la oferta, en la medida en que la dotación de infraestructuras, la presencia de otros productores y la diversidad que caracterizan a las ciudades favorecen la creación cultural.
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