Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to three varieties of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.: Xingguo red carp, German mirror carp and Russian mirror carp. Twenty-seven decamer primers pre-screened from 40 random primers were used to assay polymorphisms within and between the populations. One hundred and ninety-nine fragments were generated in the three populations; 155 of these fragments were polymorphic. The similarity indices and genetic distances within and between the three populations of carp were calculated. The results indicated that the highest value of similarity within populations was obtained for German mirror carp, and the genetic distance between Xingguo red carp and Russian mirror carp was the farthest. It can be presumed that the heterosis between Xingguo red carp and Russian mirror carp is the highest within these three populations.
Increasing rapeseed yield has always been a primary goal of rapeseed research and breeding. However, flowering time is a prerequisite for stable rapeseed yield and determines its adaptability to ecological regions. MIKC-type MADS-box (MICK) genes are a class of transcription factors that are involved in various physiological and developmental processes in plants. To understand their role in floral transition-related pathways, a genome-wide screening was conducted with Brassica napus (B. napus), which revealed 172 members. Using previous data from a genome-wide association analysis of flowering traits, BnaSVP and BnaSEP1 were identified as candidate flowering genes. Therefore, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to verify the function of BnaSVP and BnaSEP1 in B. napus. T0 plants were edited efficiently at the BnaSVP and BnaSEP1 target sites to generate homozygous and heterozygous mutants with most mutations stably inherited by the next generation. Notably, the mutant only showed the early flowering phenotype when all homologous copies of BnaSVP were edited, indicating functional redundancy between homologous copies. However, no changes in flowering were observed in the BnaSEP1 mutant. Quantitative analysis of the pathway-related genes in the BnaSVP mutant revealed the upregulation of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes, which promoted early flowering in the mutant. In summary, our study created early flowering mutants, which provided valuable resources for early maturing breeding, and provided a new method for improving polyploid crops.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to three varieties of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.: Xingguo red carp, German mirror carp and Russian mirror carp. Twenty‐seven decamer primers pre‐screened from 40 random primers were used to assay polymorphisms within and between the populations. One hundred and ninety‐nine fragments were generated in the three populations; 155 of these fragments were polymorphic. The similarity indices and genetic distances within and between the three populations of carp were calculated. The results indicated that the highest value of similarity within populations was obtained for German mirror carp, and the genetic distance between Xingguo red carp and Russian mirror carp was the farthest. It can be presumed that the heterosis between Xingguo red carp and Russian mirror carp is the highest within these three populations.
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