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This paper seeks to unearth and analyse the variables which promote and sustain primordial groups’ identities and their linkages to the emergence and sustenance of terrorist groups in Nigeria. Grounded in the pluralist theory of sovereignty, the study adopts historical research design. It relies solely on data from secondary sources, which are presented qualitatively, and the finding is analysed using content analysis techniques. The study reveals that the promotion of primordial identities above national identity for political advantage by the political elites leads to state bastardisation in Nigeria. Besides, it identifies the apostolical promotion of some neoliberal values without corresponding citizenship education, as responsible for the emergence of Boko Haram and other such groups that challenge the sovereignty and legitimacy of the Nigerian state. It also questions the continuous promotion of religion in the public domain in a secular state and concludes that genuine integration policy is an urgent imperative. The study recommends that ethno-religious politics be buried; religion should be returned to the private lives of the citizenry. Besides, citizenship education and societal development should be prioritised in order to strengthen the state, and weaken the capacity of primordial groups to challenge the Nigerian State with violent outbursts.

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The paper discussed the power indices in the ECOWAS and the SADC, which accounted for their timeous response to security threats and violent outbursts in their respective regions. ECOWAS is seen as a historical model of sub-regional integration and human security organisation, given its engagement in several conflicts arising from its weak states, while SADC has focused on containing threats emerging from the relics of settler colonialism with periodic convulsion in its domain. The study identifies the indices of power within these two regions and their nexus to achieve regional security goals. It adopted a case study research design and relied on data from secondary sources, which were presented qualitatively and analysed with content analysis technique. It made a discourse on the uniformity and differences between power indices in ECOWAS and SADC and concluded that strengthening of existing institutions is imperative. Besides, revolutions in the industrial and technological capacities of the sub-regions are necessary for the achievement of set regional security goals.