Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) is a medicinal plant that is a source of nutrients. It is rich in protein, fatty acids, minerals, relatively high polyphenol compounds, and has antioxidant activity. This study aims to obtain information about secondary metabolites, total phenol content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves. Total phenol was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while total flavonoids were determined by the A1C 13 colorimetric method. Whilst the antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2,2diphenyl-i-picrylhydrazyl) method at a wavelength of 517 nm. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves contained flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. The total phenol content in the ethanol leaf extract was 63.16 mg GAE / g extract, and the total flavonoid content was 10.477 mg QE / g extract. Moringa leaf ethanol extract has antioxidant activity with an IC 50 of 118.6145 mg / L, classified as having moderate antioxidant activity.
Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa steroid dari daun getih-getihan (Rivina humilis L.) dan uji aktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri telah dilakukan. Isolasi dilakukan dengan maserasi dari 2,708 kg serbuk kering dari daun getih-getihan menggunakan pelarut etanol, kemudian dipartisi dengan pelarut n-heksana yang menghasilkan ekstrak n-heksana sebanyak 2,4 gram. Uji fitokimia menggunakan pereaksi Liebermann-Burchard menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana positif mengandung steroid. Pemisahan ekstrak n-heksana dengan kromatografi kolom menghasilkan 5 fraksi besar (A, B, C, D, E) dan fraksi B yang positif steroid menghasilkan isolat sebanyak 0,3 mg. Isolat steroid diuji kemurnian dengan metode KLT dengan berbagai pelarut. Dari KLT dua dimensi, didapatkan satu noda dan diduga isolat telah murni. Isolat steroid dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi GC-MS, namum belum dapat ditentukan strukturnya. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak n-heksana terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm.
Penelitian tentang penapisan fitokimia, isolasi, identifikasi alkaloid dari daun getih-getihan (Rivina humilis L.) serta uji sitotoksisitas dengan metode BSLT telah dilakukan. Isolasi alkaloid diawali dengan maserasi daun Rivina humilis L. dengan pelarut etanol 96%, dilanjutkan penghilangan klorofil dengan menggunakan aquades (1:1). Selanjutnya hasil maserasi tersebut dipartisi dengan pelarut n-heksana, diperoleh ekstrak n-heksana dan ekstrak etanol-air. Ekstrak etanol-air dilakukan isolasi alkaloid hingga diperoleh ekstrak alkaloid berwarna coklat kemerahan sebanyak 0,7323 gram. Pemisahan alkaloid dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif dan uji kemurniannya menggunakan metode KLT dengan berbagai eluen didapatkan 1 noda pada pita A1. Isolat alkaloid A1 berbentuk padatan putih dan mempunyai titik leleh sebesar 290-292°C. Hasil analisis spektrofotometer UV-Vis memperkirakan bahwa senyawa alkaloid A1 mempunyai struktur dasar indol. Analisis dengan spektofotometer FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus N-H, O-H, =C-H aromatik, CH2, C=N, C=O, C=C aromatik, dan C-O eter. Sedangkan kromatogram LC-MS menunjukkan puncak tertinggi pada waktu retensi 1,8 menit dan memiliki bobot molekul sebesar 267.27 g/mol. Hasil uji sitotoksik menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak alkaloid mempunyai harga LC50 sebesar 25,439 ppm.
This research is conducted about the isolation flavonoid compounds from ethanol extract of johar leaves (Senna siamea Lamk) and antioxidant activity test. This study aims to obtain flavonoid isolate, identify and test the antioxidant activity of flavonoid isolate from ethanol extract of johar leaves. Research methods divided into four stages, the first stage is isolation of flavonoid compounds. The second stage is the separation of flavonoid compounds using vacuum liquid chromatography, gravitational column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The third stage is identification of flavonoid isolate using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR. The fourth stage is antioxidant activity test by DPPH method. The result of flavonoid isolation was found flavonoid isolate weighing 0.006 gram (0.004%). Identification of flavonoid isolate using UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that flavonoid isolate has the basic structure of flavon compound with maximum absorption at wavelength band I (350 nm) and band II (255 nm and 267 nm) and analysis using FTIR showed flavonoid isolate has functional groups such as O-H, C-H aliphatic, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-O ether and C-O alcohol so that the flavonoid isolate has the basic structure of the substituted luteolin compound. The result of antioxidant activity from flavonoid isolate showed IC50 value is 139.8373 mg / L.
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