SUMMARYCurrently, governments and companies aim their concern about the environmental problems and energy security. Within this context, the use of renewable hydrogen is presented as an interesting option.This paper presents the alternative to use a renewable resource abundant in the country: hydroelectricity. The public transport service in the urban area of Foz do Iguaçu city, Brazil, was chosen as the scenario where a simulated replacement of the current diesel bus fleet with fuel cell buses was performed.The focus was to take advantage of the energy called Spilled Turbinable Energy (STE) verified by the ITAIPU Hydroelectric Power Plant from 2001 to 2006 in order to produce hydrogen by water electrolysis process. The paper does not contain thermodynamic analysis of the processes involved in the proposal. Based on the monthly average, the maximum value was 1,054,899 MWh and the minimum 9559 MWh. Evaluating the historic behavior of this potential energy in the considered period, from October to June, it was found that the energy demand to produce the electrolytic hydrogen needed to meet the whole demand of the public transport sector of Foz do Iguaçu city, estimated in 14,454.3 MWh/month, amounts only between 1.5% to 8.5% of total spilled energy.This study presents two electrolytic hydrogen production models: the centralized and the decentralized associated with various distribution modes. The comparison between models shows that the centralized hydrogen production associated with central supply mode are economically more convenient for the city, and the hydrogen cost achieved was US$ 2.38/kg in contrast with the decentralized model associated with cryogenic liquid delivery which showed the highest cost, equal to US$ 4.61/kg. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed varying four parameters: equipment cost; rate of return; capital recovery time and electricity cost.
Resumo-Um sinal de vídeo 3D digitalé frequentemente composto de duas ou mais vistas, onde cada vista possui um sinal de textura e um sinal de profundidade. Dentro desta representaçãoé possível criar de forma virtual outras vistas utilizando Renderização Baseada em Imagem de Profundidade. Um problema inerente que surge neste processoé o aparecimento de buracos de desoclusões. Os buracos de desoclusões são regiões que se encontram ocultas nas vistas de referência mas devem estar aparentes na vista virtual. Neste sentido, este artigo propõe um algoritmo de inpainting para preenchimento destes buracos. O algoritmo proposto baseado na técnica de exemplos (exemplarbased) utiliza-se das características do mapa de profundidade para auxiliar o preenchimento dos buracos. Quando comparados com os algoritmos concorrentes, os resultados objetivos e subjetivos mostram que o algoritmo proposto possui um bom desempenho, obtendo um ganho de até 0.45 dB na PSNR média do vídeo comparando com o estado-da-arte. Palavras-Chave-síntese de vista, inpainting, mapa de profundidade. Abstract-A 3D digital video signal is frequently composed of two or more views where each view has a texture and a depth signals. Within this representation it is possible to create a virtual views using Depth Image Based Rendering. An inherent problem which arises in this process is the appearance of disocclusion holes. The disocclusion holes are regions that are hidden in reference views but should be apparent in the virtual view. Thus, this paper proposes an inpainting algorithm to fill these holes. The proposed algorithm based on exemplar-based technique uses the depth map features to assist hole filling. When compared with competing algorithms, the objective and subjective results show that the proposed algorithm has a good performance. It can yield a gain up to 0.45 dB on average PSNR compared to the state-of-the-art.
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