Introduction: One of the most frequent public health issues between older females is urinary incontinence (UI
In modern times, Confidentiality and Privacy principles are reflected in all international and national legislations. Since the formulation of these principles in the Hippocratic Oath and until their emergence in international ethical documents, such as the Oath of Geneva, Confidentiality and Privacy will constantly be the cornerstone of good medical practice. In this paper the authors have summarized some concepts of medical Confidentiality and Privacy, their roles in respecting and protecting the interest of patients and the interest of society that the medical profession can best serve the protection of people's health. Later some historical, ethical, juridical information on them are given as an extension of Medical Deontology in response to new developments in medicine. In the last part of the paper the authors have reflected the situation of Medical Confidentiality and Privacy in Albania and their role to improve the practice of medicine in the current situation of Albania.
Palliative care is a fundamental human right. The absence and limitation of palliative care provision to those who need it would not be ethical when there are effective affordable methods. Palliative care services in Albania face major challenges. Some of these challenges are being addressed, including the work being done by some donation and state-based organizations. There is a need for greater investments in health and palliative care services and focusing on patient rights will be a priority in the future. In general, palliative care services in Albania are scarce and fragmented. It should be noted that palliative care is not sufficiently integrated into the public health care system. In Albania, palliative care is mainly considered as a palliative oncology service. In this perspective, a national palliative care policy and strategy is needed to create access for all terminal patients, including cancer but also advanced chronic diseases for the elderly, children and adolescents and people living with HIV and AIDS. Also, special attention is paid to the application of ethical principles in the practical activity of Palliative Care services in Albania.
Background: Studies evaluating the role and utility of the routine follow-up of urine cultures after the first febrile urinary tract infection are limited. Was evaluated the validity of routine follow-up urine cultures in a group of children who had their first episode of urinary tract infection at the age of 1month to 6 years. Study design: The research findings are derived from one prospective randomised study; 676 (468 girls) children aged of 1 month to 6 years were included in the study. The time of recurrence and the possible symptoms during the recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) were also investigated. The follow-up period after the first UTI was of 1 year. Urinalysis and urine culture follow-up were performed every month during the first 6 months and then every other month. The urine was collected by sterile bag collection in all children. Results: were performed 4796 routine urinalysis and urine cultures were obtained; 158 patients (23%) had a positive urine culture during the follow-up, 106 (15,6%) of them were girls. 54 (1,1%) febrile UTI were excluded; 4504 (95%) urine cultures were negative; 68 (1,4%) contaminations; 114 (2,4%) asymptomatic bacteriuria; 56 (1,2%) lower UTI. E. Coli was most frequent microorganism; it was found in 112 (50%) of all cases and in 77% of upper UTI. The cost of urinalysis was 2,3 euro, that of urine culture was 11,6 euro, that of urine bag was 1,2 euro and that of urine cup 0,9 euro: a total of 16 euro per patient for 1 control. The total cost of 4796 controls was 76.376 euro. Conclusions: We noted a high negative predictive value, which authenticates that a negative urinalysis is followed almost by a negative urine culture. Urine culture follow-up is not necessary for the children after first febrile UTI. Such an approach would result in significant cost savings.
Background: The health staff has a vigorously changing nature and the regular certification of the delivery of health professionals is a constant policy concern. The objective of the present study was to observe available human medical resources in primary care and find out possible inequalities relating to the delivery of general practitioners in Albania between 2010 and 2012. Methods:With survey data, we examined the degree of inequality by calculating relative inequality indices. We plotted the Lorenz curves and calculated the Gini, Atkinson and Robin Hood indices and deciles ratios, both before and after adjusting for mortality and discussion rates. Results:The Gini index for the delivery of general practitioners in 2005 was 0.154. After adjusting for mortality it was 0.126, while after correcting for discussion rates it was 0.288. The Robin Hood index for 2000 was 11.2%, which belongs to 173 general practitioners who should be relocated in order to accomplish equality. The equivalent figure after adjusting for mortality was 9.2% (142 general practitioners), while after correcting for discussion rates the number was 20.6% (315). This evidence changed to 6.3% (100), 6.3% (115) and 19.8% (315) in 2004. Conclusion:There was a decreasing trend in the inequality of delivery of general practitioners in Albania between 2010 and 2012. The trend in inequality was obvious irrespective of the relative inequality indicator used. The level of inequality differed depending on the modification method used. Reallocation strategies for general practitioners in Albania could be the key in improving the inequalities in primary care health staff delivery.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.