Filamentous fungi have been targeted by bioprospecting studies because they are effective producers of extracellular enzymes that can potentially be used by the bioindustry. In this study, we isolated filamentous fungi from the guts of Amazonian aquatic insect larvae to evaluate their cellulolytic activity. We collected 69 larvae of shredder insects of three genera: Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and Stenochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in ten streams from a protected area in the central Brazilian Amazon. Production of mycelia was elaborated in PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. The isolates were transferred to a synthetic medium with carboxymethyl cellulose, and Congo red was used to determine the enzymatic index. The hydrolysis halo, indicating the production of cellulases, was observed in 175 fungal isolates (70% of the total), of which 25 had an enzymatic index ≥ 2.0 and belonged to seven fungal genera. The fungal taxa Cladosporium, Gliocephalotrichum, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Talaromyces, Trichoderma and Umbelopsis were isolated from guts of Phylloicus, Triplectides and Stenochironomus, which are traditionally used in biotechnological applications. Our results indicate the cellulolytic potential of fungi associated with the guts of aquatic Amazonian insects.

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