No abstract

BackgroundThe aim was to study the glycaemic control of type 2 diabetic patients, and to identify factors associated with unacceptable glycaemic control (defined as HbA1c >8.0%).MethodsAnalysis of data collected in a cross-sectional survey of type 2 diabetic patients in eight SingHealth Polyclinics in January 2009. HbA1c value was measured on the day of the survey, while information on patient and diabetic characteristics was obtained through a questionnaire. Odds ratio of having unacceptable glycaemic control was estimated for selected variables using multiple logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 688 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (± standard deviation) and median (range) HbA1c levels were 7.6% (± 1.35) and 7.3% (5.0% to 14.0%), respectively. 25.4% of the patients had an unacceptable HbA1c level of >8.0% and the odds of this were higher (p < 0.05) in patients with the following characteristics: younger age, longer diabetes duration, presence of insulin treatment, and poorer compliance to medication.ConclusionYounger adult patients were found to have poorer glycaemic control, and hence targeted educational and behaviour modification programmes would be required to effectively manage this group of patients.

Malay ethnicity was associated with persistently poor glycaemic control. Sociocultural and behavioural factors should be addressed in improving care for patients with poorly controlled diabetes.

The purpose of the current study was to identify the motivation profiles at the intraindividual level using a latent profile analyses (LPA) approach. A total of 1151 secondary school students aged 13 to 17 years old from Singapore took part in the study. Using LPA, four distinct motivational profiles were identified based on four motivation regulations. Profile 1 has very low introjected and low autonomous motivation (6% of sample). Profile 2 had high external and identified regulations and very low intrinsic regulation (10%). Profile 3 consisted of students with high identified and intrinsic regulations (51%). Profile 4 had moderately low identified and intrinsic regulations (33%). The results showed that the four profiles differed significantly in terms of effort, competence, value, and time spent on math beyond homework. The best profile (Profile 3) reported highest scores in effort, value, competence and time spent on Math beyond homework. The worst profile (Profile 1) reported lowest scores in all the four outcome variables.

No abstract

In this paper, we employ partial order techniques to develop linear complexity algorithms for guaranteed collision avoidance between vehicles at highway and roundabout mergings. These techniques can be employed by virtue of the rich structure offered by such traffic systems, which constrain vehicles to advance unidirectionally along a path. The algorithms are safe by construction while maintaining the liveness of the system. The proposed algorithms are on-line implemented in a decentralized fashion on an experimental testbed composed of two in-scale communicating vehicles continuously running on an autonomous roundabout system.

A vertex set X of a digraph D ¼ (V , A) is a kernel if X is independent (i.e., all pairs of distinct vertices of X are non-adjacent) and for every v 2 V À X there exists x 2 X such that vx 2 A. A vertex set X of a digraph D ¼ (V , A) is a quasi-kernel if X is independent and for every v 2 V À X there exist w 2 V À X , x 2 X such that either vx 2 A or vw, wx 2 A: In 1974, Chvá tal and Lová sz proved that every digraph has a ------------------Contract grant sponsor: National University of Singapore. quasi-kernel. In 1996, Jacob and Meyniel proved that if a digraph D has no kernel, then D contains at least three quasi-kernels. We characterize digraphs with exactly one and two quasi-kernels, and, thus, provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a digraph to have at least three quasikernels. In particular, we prove that every strong digraph of order at least three, which is not a 4-cycle, has at least three quasi-kernels.ß

No abstract