Aim: the primary aim of this study was to determine whether the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and distribution width of red blood cells are different in children with specific learning disorders compared to healthy controls. The second aim of the study is to investigate the relationships of those inflammatory markers with SLDs clinical severity.
Methods: A total of 100 drug-naive participants, aged 7-12 years, who were newly diagnosed as having specific learning disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria were compared with a healthy control group of 75 age, sex matched children. the neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and distribution width of red blood cells were measured according to the complete blood count.
Results: specific learning disorders significantly affected monocyte levels and tended to affect monocyte/ lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil levels while attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis significantly affected monocyte levels and mean platelet volume and also tended to affect distribution width of red blood cells. Specific learning disorders symptom severity did not correlate significantly with peripheral inflammatory markers.
Conclusions: This study is the first to investigate the effect of peripheral inflammatory markers in a large specific learning disorders sample by controlling attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity. The findings demonstrated that the monocyte levels are higher in both specific learning disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder groups suggesting that elevated monocyte levels may be a common marker in the inflammatory pathophysiology.
Objective
A large number of people experience misophonia. In 2013, the Amsterdam Study Group recommended diagnostic criteria for misophonia. However, misophonia is not yet included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This report is the first report on drug use that directly affects misophonia and demonstrates a 14-year-old adolescent girl with misophonia successfully treated with fluoxetine.
Methods
The patient's misophonia symptoms had been continuing for approximately 2 years, and her quality of life was significantly reduced. Psychotherapy conditions could not be applied, and fluoxetine 10 mg/d was started and increased to 20 mg/d after a week. At the second-month follow-up, because of partial improvement, fluoxetine dose was increased to 30 mg/d.
Results
At the fourth-month follow-up, there was a 40% decrease in Amsterdam Misophonia Scale score with a 70% decrease in the children’s global assessment scale scores. By the 16th week, the overall functionality level was good at the end.
Conclusions
Fluoxetine may be used as an effective drug in the treatment of misophonia.
“Skin picking disorder” (SPD: also known as neurotic excoriation, psychogenic excoriation, or dermatillomania) is classified in the “obsessive-compulsive and related disorders” category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and characterized by unintentional, repetitive skin picking behaviors. Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this case report, we present a 9-year-old girl with the comorbid diagnosis of ADHD and SPD treated successfully with atomoxetine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of skin picking treated with atomoxetine in a patient with ADHD. We discussed possible explanations of mechanisms. Further studies are required on the effectiveness of atomoxetine for the treatment of SPD in the presence and absence of comorbid ADHD.
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