Currently, in practice, ship captains are responsible for decision-making during the manoeuvring process. However, this could be improved upon by the assistance of a decision support system. Any cost reductive initiative is significant to contribute to the overall viability and economic sustainability of the industry. Therefore, it is worthy to study time and cost efficiency of ship manoeuvring when approaching the port. This study develops a decision support system model by utilizing a goal programming integrated ship manoeuvring methodology, which examines ship and environmental variables concerning manoeuvring. The methodology enables positive resultant force of the ship and tugboat against negative external parameters with minimum effort and time. A case study was then carried out using 2 different container ships approaching Gemport berths in Turkey, to show the practical applicability of the methodology. The results of the case study showed that it would be possible to reduce manoeuvring time in approaching the port from 31.6 minutes to 27.36 minutes in ship I and from 59 minutes to 48.05 minutes in ship II. These results are significant as they can provide cost efficiency for ship owners and port authorities, especially when we consider its applicability for the entire world merchant marine fleet.
Öz Investigation of Cylinder Pressure Variation Using Stochastic Reactor Model in a Biodiesel Pilot Injection Diesel Engine Operated with Natural Gas AbstractIn maritime sector one of the studies made in order to produce ship engines which consider economic and ecologic properties of energy is dual fuel engines. In dual fuel engines, gas fuel-air mixture is ignited with pilot fuel in the combustion chamber. These engines are mostly produced by transforming diesel engines. Combustion characteristics typically include cylinder pressure, heat release rate and ignition delay. These characteristics are acquired through experimental measurements and theoretical approaches. One of the theoretical approaches used is zero dimentional Stochastic Reactor Model. This approach analyzes compression, combustion and expansion processes using probability density function. An engine simulation software based on this approach has been developed and operates by using detailed and reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms of fuels. In this study, the dual fuel engine operated with biodiesel as a pilot fuel and natural gas as a gas fuel was simulated in two optimum pilot injection parameters and different stochastic particle numbers. It has drawn on the study performed on this engine to show the validity of the model. In the most proper pilot injection parameters, it was observed that simulation and experimental pressure values are compatible with each other in specific error rates.
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