Biooil is the main product in the pyrolysis process which is expected to be a liquid fuel replacement solution. But the resulting biooil cannot be directly used as a result of high oxygenated compounds, high viscosity, corrosive, and unstable. Addition of activated natural zeolite catalyst to the pyrolysis process is expected to improve the quality of biooil in order to be used as a renewable liquid fuel. The research aims to determine the influence of acid concentrations on zeolite modification to the characteristics of pyrolysis products. Result of catalyst characterization indicates that zeolite activation using acid will increase Si/Al ratio as well as open the surface of previously hindered zeolite. The yield of char produced in this study tends not to undergo significant changes between the catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis by 33% wt. Addition of zeolite catalyst in pyrolysis proved to be able to increase the content of phenol and decrease the content of acetic acid in bio-oil by 6% . Meanwhile, yield of CO2 increases by 20% in the use of catalysts due to the release of oxygen in the oxygenate compounds. The results of this study showed that the resulting biooil still does not meet the specifications of liquid fuels but can be utilized as a renewable chemical feedstock.Keywords: pyrolysis; biomass; natural zeolite;modified

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Semakin berkembangnya industri dan pertanian disertai dengan tidak termanfaatkannya limbah hasil industri dan pertanian dengan baik, limbah tersebut hanya akan menjadi sampah yang mengganggu lingkungan. Diperlukan teknologi pengolahan limbah yang efektif, efisien dan ramah lingkungan untuk memanfaatkan limbah tersebut menjadi sumber energi terbarukan. Upaya penanganan limbah tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan metode teknologi gasifikasi. Gasifikasi merupakan metode konversi secara termokimia bahan bakar padat menjadi bahan bakar gas syngas dalam wadah gasifier dengan menyuplai agen gasifikasi seperti uap panas, udara dan lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju alir udara dan waktu pada proses gasifikasi limbah tangkai daun tembakau terhadap komposisi dan komponen syngas yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan sebuah gasifier dengan kapasitas ± 2,5 kg. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah pengeringan, penghancuran, pemisahan ukuran, proses gasifikasi, dan analisa komposisi gas. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah limbah tangkai daun tembakau berpotensi menjadi sumber energi terbarukan menghasilkan syngas dengan proses gasifikasi. Konsentrasi syngas (CO, H2 dan CH4) yang tertinggi didapatkan pada variasi Q = 3 m3/jam pada menit ke 30 dengan konsentrasi syngas CH4 sebesar 2,27 %vol, gas CO sebesar 7,17 %vol dan gas H2 sebesar 5,79 %vol. AbstractThe continued development of industry and agriculture along with unutilized of industrial and agricultural wastes properly, the waste will only be garbage which can be an interference to environment. Is required to have waste treatment technologies that are effective, efficient and environmentally friendly to utilize the waste into renewable energy sources. The way of handling this waste is to use gasification technology. Gasification is a method of thermochemical conversion of solid fuels into the syngas gas fuel in the gasifier container by supplying a gasification agent such as steam, air and others. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of air flow rate and the time of gasification process for tobacco leaf stalk's waste againts to the composition and the components of syngas. This research is conducted using a gasifier with a capacity of ± 2.5 kg. The research procedures are drying, crushing, sizing, gasification process, and analysis of gas compositions. The result of this research has proven that tobacco leaf stalk's waste has potential to be renewable energy sources which can produce syngas using gasification process. The concentration of syngas (CO, H2 and CH4) which is the highest obtained at variation of Q = 3 m3 / h in minutes 30 with syngas concentration of 2.27% vol CH4, CO gas amounted to 7.17% vol and H2 gas amounted to 5.79 % vol.

Palm kernel shell (PKS) is one of the biomass with high potential that can be converted into chemicals. In this study, palm kernel shell (PKS) was converted by pyrolysis method to produce condensed liquid products, gas, and solid. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of catalyst activation time on yields and characteristics of PKS waste pyrolysis products. The pyrolysis process was carried out at a temperature of 500oC. Based on the results obtained with the addition of catalysts at 7 hr of activation can reduce the yield of solid products by 1.5% wt and 9.01% wt of liquid and increase the yield of gas products by 10.51% wt. On the characteristics of solid product there is a decrease in volatile matter by 55.04% wt and an increase fixed carbon by 40.27% wt. The gas characteristics, the H2 and CO gas decreases by 5.43% v/v and 1.36% v/v and the increase in CH4 and CO2 gas by 1.07% v/v and 5.72% v/v. Characteristics of the liquid obtained an increase in the amount of acetic acid by 11.75% v/v and decrease phenol compounds by 13.08% v/v. The result liquid product can be applied as a chemical.

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