Abstract. Maghfiroh CN, Putra ETS, Dewi HSES. 2020. Root detection by resistivity imaging and physiological activity with the dead-end trench on three clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Biodiversitas 21: 2794-2803. Indonesia is one of the largest cocoa production countries in Southeast Asia, but has low average productivity (982 kg/ha) based on Indonesian Plantation Statistics (2017). Productivity increase effort by giving dead-end trenches that applied to collect organic material, accommodate surface runoff sediments, prevent erosion, and maintain nutrient availability. Dead-end trench had an impact on root cutting and improve rooting. Clone is very influential on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) yield. The superior clones recommended are clones RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22, which have high productivity and are resistant to pests and diseases. The objectives of this research were (i) to detect the presence of roots by resistivity imaging (ii) to study the effects of dead-end trench application on physiological activities of cocoa leaves and yields of three clones (RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22); (iii) to determine which cocoa clone (s) performed a significant yield increase with the application of dead-end trench. Research was conducted in August 2018-April 2019 at PT. Pagilaran cocoa plantation in North Segayung Production Unit, subdistrict Tulis, Batang, Central Java. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design with two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was dead-end trench application (with or without dead-end trench application) and the second factor was cocoa clones (RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22). This study showed that dead-end trench applications affected plant roots based on the interpretation results of geoelectric-resistivity measurements. Dead-end trench application significantly affected chlorophyll a, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and H2O leaf content. Dead-end trench application has no significant effect on the content of chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, stomatal density, CO2 leaf content, and photosynthesis rate.
Abstract. Dewi HS ES, Ydono P, Putra ETS, Purwanto BH. 2020. Physiological, biochemical activities of cherelle wilt on three cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao) under two levels of soil fertilities. Biodiversitas 21: 187-194. Cherelle wilt is one of the diseases caused by physiological disorders. It results in loss of young pods by 70-90%. This study aims to reveal the correlation of physiological, biochemical activities of several cocoa clones with two soil fertility status. The study was conducted using a nested design with two blocks as replications. The soil fertility status was classified based on soil chemical status. This obtained two clusters of soil fertility, namely low soil fertility, high soil fertility. The second factor was cocoa clone, consisting of three clones, namely RCC 70, RCC 71, KKM 22. Variables measured were soil character, biochemistry of fresh, wilting cherelles, physiological activities, cherelle wilt, biochemical activities including sucrose content, reducing sugar, invertase activity. The data obtained were analyzed for their variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level, tested using Tukey’s HSD there were significant differences between treatments. The results showed that high soil fertility status could increase contents of N, P, K, boron in leaves, increase nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll contents, increase photosynthesis rate, suppress transpiration rate, increase assimilate transport from leaves to cherelle, increase enzyme invertase activity. RCC 70 clone indicated better physiological, biochemical activity, had the smallest percentage of cherelle wilt. Soil fertility status can suppress cherelle wilt by up to 60% through increasing physiological, biochemical activity. The RCC 70 clone shows the lowest cherelle wilt values compared to RCC 71, KKM 22 clones.
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