Amperometric organic- and aqueous-phase peroxide biosensors were prepared with native and
N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS)-modified horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
The ε-amino functions of the free lysine residues of
HRP
were selectively modified with homobifunctional suberic
acid bis(N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) (SA-NHS) or
ethylene glycol bis(succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide
ester) (EG-NHS). The biosensors were based on electrostatic complexation of the HRP variants with an osmium
bis(bipyridyl)poly(4-vinylpyridine) polymer. The
enzyme
electrodes were operated in both aqueous (0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0) and organic (90% CH3CN)
phases,
for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and methyl isothiocyanate. Kinetic analysis of the steady-state
amperometry
data showed that chemical modification of HRP brought
up to a ∼5-fold enhancement of the biosensor sensitivity
for H2O2 and an improvement in both sensor
stability and
organotolerance. Also, NHS modification of HRP
results
in a 3-fold extension of the range of linear response of
the peroxide sensor in both aqueous and nonaqueous
media. When used as a methyl isothiocyanate sensor in
the organic phase, the amperometric responses of the
biosensors were doubled on changing from native HRP
to NHS-HRP electrodes.
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