No abstract

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and online learning environments. Self-efficacy refers to “beliefs in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments” (Bandura, 1997, p. 3). This paper reviews studies on self-efficacy in online learning environments from 1997 to 2015. Three main categories were discussed: computer self-efficacy, Internet and information-seeking self-efficacy and LMS (Learning Management Systems) self-efficacy. Possible areas of research on self-efficacy in online learning environments were suggested.

Teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) involves an awareness of instructional approaches, methods, and knowledge of building on technology to enhance students’ learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the TPACK of teachers in Saudi Arabia and USA, and then describe the factors affecting teachers’ TPACK through an analysis of covariance that incorporates age, teaching experience, and education level as covariates, and the seven levels of TPACK as dependent variables. Differences found between teachers in the US and Saudi Arabia in terms of TPK, and TPCK. The analysis of variance indicated that teachers’ from the US and Saudi Arabia differ in their perceived TPACK when controlled by years of teaching experience, and educational levels. Teachers in both the US and Saudi Arabia had higher rating of their knowledge in content and pedagogy than technology knowledge. Teachers in Saudi Arabia, however, had higher TK, TCK, TPK and TPCK than teachers in the US.

Digital technologies provide learners with the opportunity to be actively involved and engaged in the online learning experience. However, with the rapid growth of technology, it can be challenging for instructors to keep up with the changes and assess the effectiveness of new technologies within online learning environments. In order to successfully integrate technology, two theoretical frameworks are commonly used to evaluate instructional technology effectiveness: the SAMR and TPACK models. Although there are many studies that discuss theoretical frameworks for technology integration, there is still a need to discuss the practical use of technology tools in the live online classroom in higher education. This chapter provides instructors with a practical guide for evaluating and implementing synchronous tools to enhance the student experience and learning. It focuses on four components: virtual classrooms, individual activities, real-time assessments, and group work.

No abstract