A multifactorial approach including minimizing tissue injury, prophylactic antibiotic usage to reduce infectious morbidity, and biochemical agents with or without biomechanical barriers will reduce the amount and severity of adhesions. However, further research is needed to establish the safety, effectiveness and also the cost/benefit ratio of these substances in human subjects.

Background: Althoughinflammatory disease of the vermiformappendix has been recognized as such for morethan 100 years, its etiology remains asubject of controversy.The notionthat appendicitisisfamilial, is not only important for understandingthe etiology of the condition but might contribute substantially to the diagnosis and thus provide an indication for early surgical intervention.Methods: An extensiveMedline search, textbooks, scientific reportsand scientific journals are the data sources.Conclusions: In the light of past studies, we can suggest that almost half of the variability in risk of acute appendicitis is due to genetic factors. Ap ositive family history increases the relative risk of beingacute appendicitisnearly 3times.

The diagnosis of malignancy is often made only on postoperative or operative frozen pathologic examination. We suggest a new pathway for the gastric perforations, if a pathologist is not available during the operation.

Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of histological normal endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It occurs in up to 15% of menstruating women and often goes undetected. Some cases of soft-tissue involvement have been reported, particularly in the skin and subjacent tissues of surgical scars. However, we came cross a 42-year-old female patient with millimetric focal lesions in a groin hernia sac. A case report and a review of the literature are presented. Although definitive diagnosis still requires biopsy, the patient's cyclic symptoms and history of previous uterine surgery should suggest the correct diagnosis.

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Enoxaparin did not interfere with colonic anastomotic resistance but improved the intestinal wound healing.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the results of open lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) and the recurrence and incontinence rate, to perform a long-term assessment of incontinence and to assess complications and relief of symptoms. This clinical prospective study was undertaken in patients undergoing open LIS. One hundred and twenty-nine patients entered the study. Mean duration of pain relief was 1.2 +/- 0.4 days and mean time before defecation without pain was 1.9 +/- 1.0 days. Complication rate was 41.8%. We found that urine retention was seen frequently in males. We demonstrated that open LIS up to the dentate line does not have a higher rate of incontinence. Incontinence after LIS was only to flatus and two-thirds of these resolved in 6 weeks. No patient showed improvement of incontinence after 6 weeks.