The study investigated whether there is a male reproductive system coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) phenomenon. Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study between April and May 2020. The participants were assigned in one of the three groups including COVID‐19 patients before and after treatment, and controls. Presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) within the semen samples was investigated. Additionally, participant's demographics, semen parameters and serum sex hormone levels were compared between the groups. SARS‐CoV‐2 was not detected within the semen samples. Sperm morphology and serum sex hormone levels were significantly different between the groups. In the post hoc analysis, sperm morphology was significantly lower in the COVID‐19 patients. Patients before treatment had significantly lower serum FSH, LH and T levels than controls. However, patients after treatment had similar serum FSH, LH and T levels with controls and patients before treatment. In our opinion, COVID‐19 and its treatment had no specific deteriorative effect on male sexual health at a short‐time period. In the patients before treatment, decreased serum of T, FSH and LH levels was consistent with acute patient stress due to COVID‐19. Similarly, it seems that decreased sperm morphology was associated with the acute fever.

Depending on the results achieved by a single surgeon, multiple access tracts, staghorn calculi, presence of diabetes, and prolonged operative time, but not surgical experience, significantly increased blood loss during PCNL.

The worldwide prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of urolithiasis appear to have changed in the last decade. This study aims to update the current understanding of the disease in Turkey. A representative sample, totalling 2,468 participants between 18 and 70 years of age from 33 Turkish provinces, was enrolled in this cross-sectional study conducted with a professional market investigation company. Participants were evaluated with face-to-face interviews by medical students using a standard questionnaire. Of the 2,468 participants, 274 (11.1%) reported a history of urinary stone disease diagnosed by a physician and an additional 52 (2.1%) had at least one lifetime episode of colic pain. The annual incidence of urolithiasis in 2008 was 1.7%. The male:female ratio was 1:1 in participants with urolithiasis. A family history of urolithiasis was found in 28.5% of the first-degree relatives of the stone formers, compared to 4.4% of the first-degree relatives of the stone-free participants (p = 0.01). Compared to other ethnic groups, the population of Turkish origin had a statistically significant decreased risk of urolithiasis (p = 0.006). Though not statistically significant (p > 0.05), urolithiasis showed a trend toward a geographical distribution within the country, in which southeastern Anatolia and the Aegean regions had higher frequencies compared to the Black Sea, and central Anatolian and eastern Anatolian regions. Urinary stone disease is a severe problem in Turkey, with high prevalence and incidence rates, which differ significantly between ethnic groups. Moreover, current findings demonstrate a demographic shift, with an increased prevalence of stone disease in female subjects.

Stone related events were noted in more than 20% of patients with asymptomatic lower caliceal stones observed expectantly. To manage lower caliceal stones percutaneous nephrolithotomy has a significantly higher stone-free rate with less renal scarring than shock wave lithotripsy. Thus, patients with asymptomatic lower caliceal stones must be informed in detail about all management options, especially focusing on percutaneous nephrolithotomy with its outstanding outcome.

Although the DFU have more limited maneuverability, comparable success rates can be achieved with both conventional and digital instruments. On the other hand, the DFU significantly reduced the operative time compared with the conventional one.

The impact of PCNL using either single or multiple access tracts on renal function is similar and of a temporary nature. PCNL with multiple accesses is a highly successful alternative with considerable complication rates in the management of staghorn calculi.

In patients with large stones necessitating multiple accesses, FST is significantly prolonged; therefore, they have to be managed by experienced surgeons to diminish the radiation exposure. However, BMI, stone configuration, presence of hydronephrosis, history of open renal surgery, and access location did not have effect on FST in our study.

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