Composting process parameters such as C/N ratio, moisture content, and temperature are well studied, but limited knowledge exists on energy consumption of the process itself. In this study, co‐composting of rose oil‐processing wastes (ROPW) with caged layer manure and straw was performed to optimize the system in terms of energy use. Intermittent aeration applied to the five compost mixtures with initial C/N ratios of 12.81, 21.37, 24.66, 29.22, and 37.41 was conducted using fifteen identical cylindrical reactors with volume of 60 L. O2 and CO2 concentrations, compost temperature, dry matter loss, organic matter loss, electrical conductivity, and pH were measured. A first‐order kinetic model based on material mass balance was applied to determine kinetic parameters such as decomposition rate and compost equilibrium mass. An equation describing specific energy per initial dry mass of composting as a function of initial C/N ratio was presented and used to optimize initial C/N ratio to maximize composting of ROPW to reach a given level of compost mass ratio. The maximum decomposition, based on dry matter loss, occurred at the initial C/N ratio of 30.18 was 0.032 kg kg−1 day−1. Initial C/N ratio to minimize specific energy use of ROPW composting with caged layer to reach a given level of compost ratio of 0.82 was 29.11. Composting operation can be performed at this initial C/N ratio (29.11) to minimize airflow to keep the power requirement low while still operating the system efficiently. This helps to reduce the energy required for ROPW composting with caged layer to reach a given compost mass ratio. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 129–137, 2017
Rose oil is a specific essential oil that is produced mainly for the cosmetics industry in a few selected locations around the world. Rose oil production is a water distillation process from petals of Rosa damascena Mill. Since the oil content of the rose petals of this variety is between 0.3-0.4% (w/w), almost 4000 to 3000 kg of rose petals are needed to produce 1 kg of rose oil. Rose oil production is a seasonal activity and takes place during the relatively short period where the roses are blooming. As a result, large quantities of solid waste are produced over a limited time interval. This research aims: (i) to determine the possibilities of aerobic co-composting as a waste management option for rose oil processing waste with caged layer manure; (ii) to identify effects of different carbon sources - straw or sawdust on co-composting of rose oil processing waste and caged layer manure, which are both readily available in Isparta, where significant rose oil production also takes place; (iii) to determine the effects of different C/N ratios on co-composting by the means of organic matter decomposition and dry matter loss. Composting experiments were carried out by 12 identical laboratory-scale composting reactors (60 L) simultaneously. The results of the study showed that the best results were obtained with a mixture consisting of 50% rose oil processing waste, 64% caged layer manure and 15% straw wet weight in terms of organic matter loss (66%) and dry matter loss (38%).
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