We described the characteristics of 11 children with pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome-temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. The main clinical indications for hospital admission were vasogenic toxic shock (n = 2), Kawasaki disease (n = 4), and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (n = 5). The echocardiography findings were abnormal in 63% of cases. All patients had 2 or more organ dysfunctions, and the mortality rate was 18%.

Objective: Recently, there have been reports of children with severe inflammatory syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction associated with elevated inflammatory markers. These cases are reported as presenting the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. In this study, we describe with parental permission a case of MIS-C in an infant with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Case description: A seven-month-old infant, with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of extreme preterm birth and very low weight at birth, with an initial course of mild respiratory symptoms and abrupt progression to vasoplegic shock, myocarditis and hyperinflammation syndrome, shown by high levels of troponin I, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer and hypoalbuminemia. Despite the intensive care provided, the child developed multiple organ dysfunction and died. Comments: Patients with a history of extreme prematurity may present with MIS-C in the presence of COVID-19 and are a group of special concern.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho dos escores de mortalidade Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) e Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP) Terciária da Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará (FSCMPA). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, incluindo pacientes admitidos na UTIP, entre janeiro de 2017 a abril de 2018, com permanência por mais de 8 h. Os critérios de exclusão foram: permanência superior a 90 dias; parada cardiorrespiratória sem estabilidade em 12 h; cuidados paliativos; e morte encefálica. Para calcular os sistemas de escores e desfecho, utilizou-se as variáveis Standardized Mortality Rate (SMR), calibração e discriminação, que foram comparadas pelos testes goodness-of-fit e curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Entre as 458 internações, 429 (93,7%) foram incluídas. A mortalidade geral foi de 17,5%, sendo que 64,0% eram menores de 2 anos de idade e 58,7% dos que evoluíram a óbito foram submetidos à ventilação mecânica por período maior que sete dias. A média de probabilidade de morte estimada do PRISM foi 9,85%, enquanto a média do PIM2 foi de 14,2%. O SMR foi de 1,35 (1,26-1,72) para o PRISM e de 1,23 (1,13-1,58) para o PIM2. A área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,89 (IC 95% 0,81-0,91) para o PRISM e 0,87 (IC 95% 0,83-0,91) para o PIM2. CONCLUSÃO: Na UTIP da FSCMPA, o PRISM e o PIM2 tiveram boa calibração e bom poder discriminatório. O SMR foi superior a um.ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) and Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) scores in the Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of the Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará (FSCMPA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with patients hospitalized in PICU for more than 8 h, from January 2017 to April 2018. Exclusion criteria were: stay longer than 90 days; cardiorespiratory arrest without stability in 12 h; palliative care; and brain death. To calculate score and outcome systems, Standardized Mortality Rate (SMR), calibration, and discrimination variables were used and compared by goodness-of-fit and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, respectively. RESULTS: Among the 458 hospitalizations, 429 (93.7%) were included. Overall mortality was 17.5%, with 64.0% under 2 years of age; and 58.7% of those who evolved to death were submitted to mechanical ventilation for more than seven days. The estimated mean probability of death from PRISM was 9.85%, while the mean PIM2 was 14.2%. The SMR was 1.35 (1.26-1.72) for PRISM and 1.23 (1.13-1.58) for PIM2. The area under the ROC curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.81-0.91) for PRISM and 0.87 (95% CI 0.83-0.91) for PIM2. CONCLUSION: In the FSCMPA PICU, PRISM and PIM2 had good calibration and good discriminatory power. The SMR was greater than one.

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This is a multicentre prospective cohort including critically ill children and adolescents, with confirmed critical disease related to SARS-CoV-2, admitted to three tertiary paediatric intensive care units in the Brazilian Amazon, between April 2020 and July 2022. 208 patients were included (median age was 3.5 years). The majority had malnutrition (62%) and comorbidities (60.6%). Mechanical ventilation support, cardiogenic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 47%, 30% and 34.1% of patients, respectively. There were 37 (18%) deaths. A poor outcome of severe COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children was observed in children and adolescents from the Brazilian Amazon.