Environmental pollution of heavy metals is increasingly becoming a problem and has become of great concern due to the adverse effects it is causing around the world. These inorganic pollutants are being discarded in our waters, soils and into the atmosphere due to the rapidly growing agriculture and metal industries, improper waste disposal, fertilizers and pesticides. This review shows how pollutants enter the environment together with their fate. Some metals affect biological functions and growth, while other metals accumulate in one or more different organs causing many serious diseases such as cancer. The pharmacokinetics and toxicological processes in humans for each metal is described. In summary, the review shows the physiological and biochemical effects of each heavy metal bioaccumulation in humans and the level of gravity and disquieting factor of the disease.

Dental materials based on tricalcium silicate cement and MTA Angelus release minimal quantities of trace elements when in contact with simulated body fluids. The results of acid extraction could be affected by nonspecific matrix effects by the cement.

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A method is described for the preparation of magnesium carbonate particles in a nonaqueous hydrocarbon environment. The particles were stabilised in the colloidal sense by the adsorption of an alkyl-aryl sulphonic acid. The particle morphology and particle-size distribution were examined by small-angle neutron scattering. It was concluded that the particle structure was of the coreshell type, with a core particle of basic magnesium carbonate, radius ca. 40 A, and a shell of thickness ca. 13 A. The results suggested that the latter was predominantly that of the alkyl-aryl part of the stabilising moiety.