This study uses Time Series models to predict the annual traffic accidents in Ghana. The traffic accidents data spanning from January 1990 to December 2019 was used. The Box-Jenkins model building strategy was used. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test showed that the accident data was stationary. Three ARMA models were suggested based on the ACF and PACF plots of the differenced series, these were ARMA (0,0), ARIMA (1,0), and ARMA (2,0). The model with the smallest corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICs) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) was chosen as the best model. The Ljung-Box statistics among others were used in assessing the quality of the model. ARMA (1,0) was the best model for the Ghana annual Traffic Accident data. The results showed that, from January to July, it would be difficult to make accurate estimates of the number of road incidents for the years leading up to 2020. This was due to the fact that the white noise process values were statistically independent at various times.
The Sarima model is used in this study to forecast the monthly temperature in Ghana's northern region. The researchers used temperature data from January 1990 to December 2020. The temperature data was found to be stationary using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test. The ACF and PACF plots proposed six SARIMA models: SARIMA (1,0,0) (1,0,0) (12), SARIMA (2,0,0) (1,0,0) (12), SARIMA (1,0,1) (1,0,0) (12), SARIMA (0,0,1) (1,0,0) (12), SARIMA (0,0,1) (0,0,1) (12), SARIMA (0,0,1) (0,0,1) (12). The best model was chosen based on the lowest Akaike Information Criteria (AICs) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) values. The Ljung-Box data, among others, were used to determine the model's quality. All diagnostic tests are passed by the SARIMA (1,0,0) (1,0,0) (12) model. As a result, the SARIMA (1,0,0) (1,0,0) (12) is the best-fitting model for predicting monthly temperatures in Ghana's northern region.
Mineral shortages can be avoided if the mineral industry accurately predicts mineral deposits, which is critical given the importance of minerals in Ghana's economy. The goal of this dissertation was to use the block maxima (BM) approach of Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to accurately predict gold (Au) concentration and the time period of occurrence of these geochemical anomalies in Ghana's Wassa-Amenfi region. The information was based on a time series of daily gold concentrations collected between 2010 and 2018 by Ghana's geology and survey department. The shape parameter estimates from the analysis indicated that the Fréchet family of GEV distributions was a good fit for the dataset. The GEV model was used to forecast the occurrence of anomalies every 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years. According to the findings, an extreme Au of 31.06 was expected to occur once every 5 years in Wassa-Amenfi.
This research combines Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with Crossover and Mutation Operators of Genetic Algorithm (GA) to produce a hybrid optimization algorithm to solve a routing problem identified at Zoomlion Ghana Limited, Sekondi Takoradi branch. PSO is known to converge prematurely and can be trapped into a local minimum especially with complex problems. On the other hand, GA is a robust and works well with discrete and continuous problems. The Crossover and Mutation operations of GA makes the iterations converges faster and are reliable. The hybrid algorithm therefore merges these operators into PSO to produce a more reliable optimal solution. The hybrid algorithm was then used to solve the routing problem identified at Zoomlion Ghana Limited, Sekondi Takoradi branch. A total of 160 public waste bin centers scattered in the metropolis and the distance between them were considered. The main aim was to determine the best combination of the set of routes connecting all the bin centers in the municipality that will produce the shortest optimal route for the study. MATLAB simulation was run of the list of distances to determine the optimal route. After 10,000 iterations, PSO produced an optimal result of 81.6 km, GA produced an optimal result of 88.9 km and the proposed hybrid model produced an optimal result of 79.9 km
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