Luffa aegyptiaca is a plant of multi-purpose importance whose usefulness cuts across virtually all areas of life. This study has characterized L. aegyptiaca in Lagos state and determined the mineral, proximate, phytochemical as well as the heavy metal accumulation potential. Samples were collected from the 20 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Lagos state at 2 samples per location. Genetic similarity and intra-specific variation in 40 samples of L. aegyptiaca were determined using 3 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers which yielded a total of 42 markers of which 25 was polymorphic. The maximum number of bands (14) was produced by OPC4 while the minimum (7) were produced by OPAF20. Percentage polymorphisms were 70% (OPAF20), 82.4% (OPC4) and 68.4% (OPC6) with an average value of 73.6%. The result from a genetic diversity study was scored to generate a dendrogram using NTsys (2.0j). Phytochemical, proximate, Mineral and the heavy metal study showed the presence of Flavonoid, Saponin; Carbohydrate, protein; Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca) and Chromium, Iron, Copper, Zinc, Lead among others. The nutritional composition and the potentials of the RAPD marker in distinguishing intra-specific variation in Luffa aegyptiaca were highlighted in this study.
Background: Mushrooms have been used as functional foods, nutraceuticals and medicines for decades in Asian countries. Because of their vital roles in human health, nutrition, and well-being, they are described as treasures in the wild and have served as food supplements. In regard to their nutritional composition, they are relatively low in total fat, vitamins, minerals, and fiber, but rich in high quality proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids.Objective: To determine the nutritional value and proximate analysis of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, formulate mushroom juice powder, and determine its nutritional composition of the powderMethods: Optimization of the processing condition of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Kummer was first conducted using four different drying temperatures; 55oC, 60oC, 65oC and 70oC hourly for 3 hours to determine the best drying temperature. The temperatures at which the juice retained 5-10% moisture were selected for preparation of condensate and analysis because they had the best nutrient composition. Stevia (plant sugar) was used as a sweetener and ginger as the flavor for the formulation of the juice powder. A nutritional composition analysis of the juice powder was also carried out.Results: The nutritional composition of dried P. ostreatus at the chosen drying temperature (55 oC) were (8.71, 9.45, 7.07, 9.38, 51.81 and 13.3 mg/g) for iron, manganese, copper, zinc, magnesium and calcium respectively. Nutritional values Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg and Ca for the juice powder were 8.96 mg/g, 12.1mg/g, 7.94 mg/g, 11.88 mg/g, 59.0 mg/g and 42.0 mg/g respectively. The vitamin content of initial P. ostreatus raw material were Vitamin B1 (4.99) and B6 (0.74) while for the juice powder B1, B6 and C were 0.78mg/g, 0.035mg/g and 0.21mg/g respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the mushroom contained moisture (11.20±0.47%), fat (0.55±0.07%), protein (39.75±0.53%), fiber (3.30±1.04%), ash (8.65±0.52%) and carbohydrate (36.54±0.50%) while juice powder contained moisture (5.0%), fat (1.0%), protein(27.13%), fiber (16.00±2.52%), ash (2.83±0.12%) and carbohydrate(48.04±2.58%).Conclusion: This work demonstrated that the nutrient composition of the mushroom improved when formulated into juice powder. The quantity of Zn and Ca significantly increased in the juice powder at p<0.05 and reached the recommended daily dietary allowances and adequate intakes.Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus, Juice powder, Nutritional value, formulation
There is an increasing environmental concern over improper disposal of spent engine oil (SEO) from serviced engines. These concerns are the results of increasing pollution of the environment by SEO with its negative consequences on plants and other forms of life. The present study assessed the effect of Macrophomina phaseolina and nutritional amendment on Luffa aegyptiaca grown on spent engine oil polluted soil in a screen house. The effect of SEO and nutritional amendment on L. aegyptiaca was assessed on germination, plant height, leaf area, stem girt and number of leaves. Two concentrations of SEO (100 and 200ml) in four kilogram of soil were used in four replications each. Results show that SEO adversely affected the germination and growth of L aegyptiaca as delayed germination, reduction in heights, leaf area and number of leaves were observed in the crop planted in SEO polluted soil. Germination (emergence) of L. aegyptiaca seeds planted in SEO polluted soil began after four days compared to two days for plants in untreated soil. Germination efficiency for seeds planted in unpolluted soil was up to 100% but reduced to 20% when the soil was polluted with SEO. However, nutritional amendment and M. phaseolina increased seed germination in SEO polluted soil from 20% to 60%. Nutritional amendment and M. phaseolina were thus shown to enhance the germination and growth of L. aegyptiaca in SEO polluted soil.Keywords: Macrophomina phaseolina, Luffa aegyptiaca, Germination, Effect, Spent engine oil
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