Three 2,3,1',3'-tetraacyl- and two 2,3,3'-triacylsucroses, nicandroses A-E (1-5), were isolated from the fruits of Physalis nicandroides var. attenuata. The acyl groups in these new compounds were identified as decanoyl, isobutyryl, 2-methylbutanoyl, and acetyl. The structures of 1-5 were determined on the basis of NMR and MS analyses.
Chia (Salvia polystachya Ort., Lamiaceae) is frequently used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat dysentery. In this study the main neo-clerodane diterpenes (polystachynes A, B and D, as well as linearolactone) were isolated from the aerial parts of chia, and their antiprotozoal activities toward Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia trophozoites were evaluated in vitro. Linearolactone was the most potent antiamoebic and antigiardial compound with IC(50) values of 22.9 microM for E. histolytica and 28.2 microM for G. lamblia. Polystachynes A, B and D, showed moderate antiprotozoal activity against both protozoans with IC(50) values ranging from 117.0 to 160.6 microM for E. histolytica and from 107.5 to 134.7 microM for G. lamblia. These data suggest that linearolactone may play an important role in the antidiarrhoeal activity of S. polystachya.
Aerial parts of Physalis coztomatl afforded a new labdane diterpene, physacoztomatin (1), and five new withanolides, physacoztolides A-E (5-9). Six known compounds were also isolated. The structures of the new compounds were established after analyses of their spectroscopic data and by means of chemical transformations. X-ray diffraction analyses of 15-dehydrophysacoztomatin (2) and 5 confirmed the structures of 1 and 5. Labd-13(E)-ene-8alpha,15-diol (4) and physacoztomatin (1) represent the first labdane diterpenes isolated from the genus Physalis.
Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Salvia herbacea led to the isolation of eight new neo-clerodane diterpenes (1-8), named tehuanins A-H, and three known compounds. The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic data. Three of the new diterpenes possess a 1,8-epoxy group (1-3). This unusual structural feature was confirmed by X-ray diffraction of 1. The structure of the previously isolated 1α,10α-epoxysalviarin was revised. The absolute configuration of 6 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis of its bromo derivative 6a. Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of these diterpenes were examined. None of the compounds were considered to be cytotoxic; however, compound 7 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of indomethacin.
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