Three dogs were investigated for chronic unilateral nasal discharge. In all cases CT imaging showed an intranasal mass causing turbinate lysis and no evidence of metastasis. Cytology in cases 1 (a 14-year-old neutered male crossbreed dog) and 2 (a five-year-old neutered male German Shepherd dog) demonstrated a pleomorphic cell population with variable intracellular pigment suspicious of melanocytic neoplasia. Histopathology with immunohistochemistry (Melan-A and vimentin, plus PNL-2 in one case) confirmed the diagnosis of melanoma in all dogs. All dogs were treated with megavoltage radiotherapy using linear accelerators. Cases 1 and 3 (a 9-year-old neutered female beagle dog) received a hypofractionated (4x8 Gy) protocol and case 2 received a definitive (12x4 Gy) protocol. Complete remission was demonstrated on repeat CT scan 5 months after diagnosis in case 1 and 7 months in case 2. Stable disease was documented on CT at four months for case 3, however, clinical signs in this dog remained controlled for 10 months in total. Case 1 died of unrelated causes 5 months after diagnosis, case 2 was euthanased due to the development of seizures 13 months after diagnosis, and case 3 was lost to follow-up 12 months after diagnosis. Melanoma should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis for primary nasal neoplasia in the dog and radiation therapy can be used as effective local therapy.
Background After a strong epidemiological link to diet was established in an outbreak of pancytopenia in cats in spring 2021 in the United Kingdom, 3 dry diets were recalled. Concentrations of the hemato‐ and myelotoxic mycotoxins T‐2, HT‐2 and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) greater than the European Commission guidance for dry cat foods were detected in the recalled diets. Objectives To describe clinical and clinicopathological findings in cats diagnosed with suspected diet induced pancytopenia. Animals Fifty cats presenting with pancytopenia after exposure to a recalled diet. Methods Multicenter retrospective case series study. Cats with known exposure to 1 of the recalled diets were included if presented with bi‐ or pancytopenia and underwent bone marrow examination. Results Case fatality rate was 78%. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsy examination results were available in 23 cats; 19 cats had a bone marrow aspirate, and 8 cats had a biopsy core, available for examination. Bone marrow hypo to aplasia—often affecting all cell lines—was the main feature in all 31 available core specimens. A disproportionately pronounced effect on myeloid and megakaryocytic cells was observed in 19 cats. Myelofibrosis or bone marrow necrosis was not a feature. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Mycotoxin induced pancytopenia should be considered as differential diagnosis in otherwise healthy cats presenting with bi‐ or pancytopenia and bone marrow hypo‐ to aplasia.
Lymphoma is the most common neoplasm in domestic cats and alimentary lymphoma is now the most common anatomical site. This article aims to highlight and explain the shift from FeLV-positive multicentric to FeLV-negative alimentary lymphomas, and to explain the cytological and histopathological methods of diagnosing and classifying alimentary lymphoma, in a way that is useful to the general practitioner. Alimentary lymphoma (AL) in felines can be histologically graded into low-, intermediate- and high-grade lymphoma. Low-grade AL has a fair prognosis, while intermediate- and high-grade have poorer prognoses. Transmural invasion by neoplastic lymphocytes also carries a poor prognosis. Large granular lymphocyte lymphoma is a histological sub-classification determined by cell morphology, can be of any grade, and the prognosis is very poor.
Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirates (FNA) of the liver and spleen for cytological analysis are a commonly performed procedure in canine veterinary practice. Based on our review of the literature, this is the first published study investigating whether needle size affects the diagnostic quality of hepatic and splenic samples. The aim of this prospective analytical study was to compare the diagnostic quality of ultrasound‐guided FNA cytological samples of canine liver and spleen based on cellularity, blood contamination, and overall cell preservation between three different needle sizes (22‐, 23‐, and 25‐gauge). A total of 282 splenic aspirates from 94 dogs and 348 hepatic aspirates from 116 dogs were enrolled in the study and examined by two board‐certified veterinary clinical pathologists. In this study, no significant differences in diagnostic quality were identified between different needle gauge sizes when sampling canine liver and spleen. Blood contamination was higher using 22‐gauge needles compared with 25‐gauge needles (P = 0.024) when sampling the liver.
Nasal tumors account for less than 10% of all feline neoplasms, with lymphoma, followed by adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, the most commonly reported. Nasal neuroectodermal tumors, including olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), are scarcely described, and their tumorigenesis is largely unknown. Here we report the cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical features of a feline ONB. We also provide a pathological review of nasal neuroendocrine neoplasms in cats. A 7-year-old Burmese cat was evaluated for sneezing, occasional epistaxis, and upper respiratory noise for 8 months. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a 7 × 5 × 3 mm irregular mass effacing and expanding the nasal cavity, which extended to the nasopharynx. Cytologically, neoplastic cells were round to polygonal and had a round nucleus with finely stippled chromatin, a single small nucleolus, and abundant pale blue cytoplasm, which contained abundant fine pale pink granules. They exhibited How to cite this article: Martí-García B, Priestnall SL, Holmes E, Suárez-Bonnet A. Olfactory neuroblastoma in a domestic cat and review of the literature.
Background: Limited data exist on the diagnosis and successful medical management of suspected pancreatic abscessation, and the appropriate terminology of this condition.Hypothesis/Objectives: To describe the diagnosis and management of pancreatic fluid accumulations in dogs where pancreatic fluid cytology results were available, to describe those medically and surgically managed at the same institution, and reconsider the terminology describing acute pancreatitis with pancreatic fluid accumulation.Animals: Fifteen dogs treated for suspected pancreatic abscessation at a university teaching hospital between January 2010 and March 2020.Methods: Retrospective descriptive study.Results: Ultrasonographic findings described pancreatic fluid accumulations as hypoechoic in 10/15 and anechoic in 2/15 cases, ranging between 1.6 and 7 cm in diameter (median, 3.5 cm). No complications were documented after ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration. Cytologically, all samples revealed a predominantly neutrophilic inflammation. 11/15 samples yielded a negative culture (9/11 received antimicrobials before sampling) and in 4 cases culture was positive. 7/15 were initially managed surgically including all 4 infected cases. 4/7 surgically managed cases were discharged, including 2 infected cases. The remaining 3/7 surgically managed cases were euthanized due poor quality of life. 8/15 cases were managed medically; 7/8 were discharged, 1 died. 3/7 then represented, and underwent successful surgical intervention after recrudescence of clinical signs, and all were discharged. The remaining 4 medically managed cases did not require further therapeutic intervention, with no clinical deterioration on reassessment.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Medical management is a viable treatment option for some dogs with pancreatic fluid accumulation, or as a prequel to surgical management. Subclassifications of pancreatic fluid accumulations using diagnostic findings could enable more tailored management approaches and accurate prognostication.
In the dog, the term "gray eosinophil" reflects the presence of variably sized, unstained granules resembling clear vacuoles. 2 Ultrastructural characterization of canine gray eosinophils shows a decrease, not only in the overall secondary granule size but also in the dense matrix and outer rim width, resembling changes observed in people with eosinophil peroxidase deficiency. 3 Functional abnormalities have not yet been found, and their distinctive cytologic appearance is thought to be due to a difference in granule staining properties, which appears more prominent with aqueous Romanowsky stains such as Diff-Quik. 1,2 Accurate recognition of these cells is important in peripheral blood film examinations
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