Background: More than half of the U.S. population has experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), which are linked to physical and mental health issues. This study examines the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction, psychological well-being, and social wellbeing. Methods: Data of 6323 participants from three waves of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) (1995-1996, 2004-2006, and 2011-2014) were used. Repeated measures models were used to test the associations between ACEs and all three psychosocial scales. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to account for multiple survey measures. Adjusting for demographics and survey wave, GEE models were run for each ACE construct. Results: After controlling for demographic covariables, those reporting an ACE had significantly lower levels of life satisfaction (β=−0.20, 95% CI −0.26-−0.15) compared to those without an ACE. Those reporting higher ACE counts were associated with lower life satisfaction compared to those with no ACE (β=−0.38, 95% CI −0.56-−0.20; β=−0.36, 95% CI −0.46-−0.27; and β= −0.13, 95% CI −0.19-−0.08 for ACE counts of 3, 2, and 1, respectively). Abuse (β=−0.41, 95% CI −0.48-−0.33) and household dysfunction (β=−0.18, 95% CI −0.25-−0.10) were associated with significantly lower life satisfaction. Overall, those exposed to ACEs had significantly lower sense of social well-being.

Background: Significant evidence supports a relationship between food insecurity and health, but little work has investigated its relationship on all-cause mortality within a high resource country, such as the United States. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and mortality in the US. Methods: Data from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was matched to National Death Index information for all adults (20 years and older) included in the NHANES database. Cox models were used to study the relationship between mortality and food insecurity, adjusting for relevant covariates in a sequential manner (demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle variables, body mass index (BMI)). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported for analyses categorizing food insecurity as dichotomous and as four categories. Results: 11.6% of the 20,918 participants (representing 208,789,244 US residents) were food insecure. When food insecurity was dichotomized, there was a 49% higher odds of mortality after adjusting for demographics (HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.19−1.87

This study aims to understand racial/ethnic differences in coronavirus disease 2019 screening, symptom presentation, hospitalization, and mortality, using data from 31,549 adults tested for COVID-19 between March 1 and July 10, 2020, in Milwaukee and Southeast Wisconsin. Racial/ethnic differences existed in adults screening positive for COVID-19 (4.5 percent of non-Hispanic Whites, 14.9 percent of non-Hispanic Blacks, and 14.8 percent of Hispanics). After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, minorities were more than three times more likely to screen positive and two times more likely to be hospitalized relative to non-Hispanic Whites, and Hispanics were two times more likely to die than non-Hispanic Whites. Given the longstanding history of structural racism, residential segregation, and social risk in the US and their role as contributors to poor health, we propose and discuss the part these issues play as explanatory factors for our findings.As of September 30, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that the US had had 7,129,313 total cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 204,598 deaths. 1 Demographic and clinical factors, such as older age and preexisting conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, and chronic lung disease, are associated with higher risk for severe disease and poor outcomes. [2][3][4] Across the nation, the burden of COVID-19 has been disproportionately borne by some racial/ethnic minority groups. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Nationally, Black Americans and Hispanics have COVID-19 hospitalization rates more than 4.6 times higher than non-Hispanic Whites. 5 In New York City, an investigation into variation across the boroughs found that the highest rates of hospitalization and mortality were in the borough with the highest proportion of racial/ethnic minorities and the highest