Bilinguals often display reduced emotional resonance their second language (L2) and therefore tend to be less prone to decision-making biases in their L2 (e.g., Costa et al. in Cognition 130(2):236-254, 2014a, PLoS One 9(4):1-7, 2014b)-a phenomenon coined Foreign Language Effect (FLE). The present pre-registered experiments investigated whether FLE can mitigate a special case of cognitive bias, called optimality bias, which occurs when observers erroneously blame actors for making ''suboptimal'' choices, even when there was not sufficient information available for the actor to identify the best choice (De Freitas and Johnson in J
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