Aim and objectives Virtual reality (VR) can be used during painful procedures in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different VR methods on procedure‐related pain, fear and anxiety of children aged 5–12 years old during blood draw. Methods This randomised controlled study used parallel trial design guided by the CONSORT checklist, see Supporting Information. The sample of children (n = 136) was allocated to the VR‐Rollercoaster (n = 45), VR‐Ocean Rift (n = 45) and control group (n = 46) using blocked randomisation. The primary outcome was pain scores after the blood draw and fear and anxiety scores before and after the blood draw. Before the blood draw, fear and anxiety scores were assessed using self‐report and reports from the parents and the researcher using the Child Fear Scale and Children's Anxiety Meter. After the blood draw, level of pain experienced was assessed using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and the fear and anxiety levels experienced by the children during the blood draw were re‐evaluated. Results Pain scores were found to be lower in the VR‐Rollercoaster group and the VR‐Ocean Rift group. A statistical difference was found between groups according to self‐, parent‐ and researcher‐reported fear and anxiety scores after blood draw. While being in VR‐Rollercoaster and VR‐Ocean Rift group reduced children's fear and anxiety, being in the control group increased fear levels by 20% and anxiety levels by 34.1%. Conclusions VR is an effective method in reducing procedure‐related pain, fear and anxiety in children aged 5–12 years old during blood draw. Relevance to clinical practice Evidence‐based guidelines and protocols should be created for nonpharmacological methods such as VR for procedural pain and anxiety in children.

This study examined the effect of problematic Internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use on nursing students' nomophobia levels. This study was conducted with 755 undergraduate nursing students. Sociodemographic data were evaluated using percentages and means. The effect of problematic Internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use on nomophobia levels was assessed by simple linear regression analysis. The mean age of participants was 21.4 ± 1.3; 82.5% were female, and 59.7% (n = 450) had adequate incomes. According to the regression analysis, nomophobia levels have a strong, positive, and significant relationship with the variables of problematic Internet use (β = .39, P < .000), social appearance anxiety (β = .27, P < .001), and social media dependency (β = .28, P < .001). Examining the correlation between nursing students' problematic Internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use levels, nomophobia levels had a positively moderate relationship with problematic Internet use (r = 0.259, P < .001), social appearance anxiety (r = 0.320, P < .001), and social media use levels (r = 0.433, P < .001). There is a direct correlation between nomophobia levels and the variables of problematic Internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use.

Child's fear, anxiety before phlebotomy, and difficult vascular access affects the first-time phlebotomy success.

The results showed that music therapy had a positive effect in terms of reducing the severity of pain and the level of anxiety in patients, that only a very small portion of the patients were not pleased to listen to music in the emergency department.

Serum IMA in addition to the prevalence of SGA were significantly increased in the PE group. Cord blood IMA, therefore, might be a predictive biomarker for SGA in PE pregnancies.

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