As a type of skills mismatch, horizontal skills mismatch (HM) is a particularly important problem for vocational education and training (VET) in Turkey because the majority of VET graduates work in a different field than the one in which they were educated. This study aims to determine the reasons why some VET graduates in Turkey work in fields other than their original field of study. For this purpose, we have employed a sequential mixed-model research design, first conducting face-to-face interviews with 20 VET graduates and then applying a questionnaire to VET graduates that elicited 4,863 responses. The study uses descriptive analysis for the qualitative data from the interviews and an open-ended item from the questionnaire. The qualitative results show the most common reasons for VET graduates' employment out of their field of study to include being unable to find a job in their field of study, low wages, lack of necessary vocational skills, lack of experience, and working conditions. Quantitative results show VET graduates to want to be employed in their field of study and to make significant efforts in finding jobs that match their field. We have concluded HM to be a common problem and all the factors influencing VET graduates' out-of-field employment to be related to a weak relationship between VET and the Turkish labor market.
Öz 2011 yılında başlayan Suriye iç savaşı nedeniyle Türkiye halen yaklaşık dört milyon Suriyeli göçmene ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Suriyeli göçmenlerin konaklama, eğitim, sağlık ve sosyal hizmetlere erişimleri ile ilgili çok sayıda iyileştirme yapılmıştır. Özellikle 2016 yılında geçici eğitim merkezlerinin kademeli kapanması ile tüm Suriyeli çocuklar devlet okullarında eğitim almaya başlamıştır. Bu süreçte Suriyeli çocukların uyumlarını desteklemek için öğrenci ve ailelerine yönelik çok sayıda rehberlik ve psikososyal destek programı geliştirilerek uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından sunulan bu hizmetlere yönelik okul psikolojik danışmanlarının görüşleri ve gelişim önerileri değerlendirilmekte ve politika önerileri geliştirilmektedir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı kullanılmış, 15 farklı ilde görev yapan 19 psikolojik danışmanla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. İçerik analizi bulguları, son on yılda göçmen öğrencilere sunulan rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinde önemli iyileşmelerin sağlandığını ancak hâlâ önemli gelişim alanlarının bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Danışmanlar, travma sonrası psikolojik destek sağlanması, ulusal düzeyde uygulanacak kademeli bir uyum programının geliştirilmesi ve ders dışı sosyal etkinliklerin yoğunlaştırılmasının rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinin niteliğini artıracağını ifade etmiştir. Ayrıca danışmanlar, göçmen öğrencileri daha iyi tanımak ve onlara destek sunmak üzere mesleki yeterliklerinin geliştirilmesini, göçmen ailelerin eğitime yönelik ilgilerinin artırılmasını ve öğrencilerin Türkçe dil becerilerinin desteklenmesini önermişlerdir.
In this work, effects of concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 mg/L of some 2-aminothiazole derivatives such as 4,4'-(disulfanediylbis(methylene))bis(thiazol-2-amine) dihyrochloride (DMTA) and 2amino-4-(chloromethyl)thiazole hydrochloride (ACT) on glutathione reductase from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (GR) were investigated. With exposure of 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/L concentrations, % GR activity changes were calculated as-5.29 ;-3.85 ;-2.40 ;-6.73 and-10.58 in DMTA applications, while these changes were calculated as +0.98 ; 0.00 ;-0.49 ;-2.45 and 0.00 in ACT applications, respectively. This work indicated that there was a slight decrease in GR activity with the increase of DMTA concentrations and there was no significant change in GR activity with the increase of ACT concentrations. But according to control activities, no statitistical changes were observed in GR activities with exposure of these 2aminothiazole derivatives (p > 0.05, n=3).
This study analyses the results of the 'Four-Skill Test in Turkish Language' (FSTTL) project conducted by the Ministry of National Education to assess the language skills of students as a pilot project and investigates the effects of various variables on language skills. Relationships between language scores and school type, gender, preschool participation, parents' level of education, and course grades are investigated in this descriptive study. The sample is consisted of 1932 students in seventh grade who participated in the pilot study. Test battery, consisted of reading, listening, writing, and speaking subtests, is used to assess the language skills of students within the scope of the FSTTL. Findings show that students in imam-hatip middle schools and middle schools performed at a similar level in all subtests. Female students performed significantly higher than male students in all subtests. Students participated in pre-school education performed significantly higher than those who did not participate in reading, writing, and listening subtests. Findings also show that the increase in parents' level of education leads to an increase in students' subtest scores. The effect of parents' level of education on subtest scores is comparatively higher than the effects of other factors in focus. Significant correlations have been obtained between the four-skill scores and student's Turkish course, social sciences, mathematics, and science course grades. It is suggested that FSTTL must be developed based on the experiences of the pilot project as a standardized test in accordance with the international standards and actively used to improve educational processes.
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