Objectives To investigate vascular density analysis in the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), peripapillary vascular density analysis (PPCVD), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber thickness analysis (PPRNFL) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in pregnant women with preeclampsia and to compare the obtained values with healthy pregnant and nonpregnant healthy individuals. Methods A total of 98 pregnant women (55 had preeclampsia, 43 were healthy pregnant women) and 38 healthy nonpregnant women of reproductive age were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of pregnant women with preeclampsia, group 2 comprised healthy pregnant women without preeclampsia, and group 3 consisted of healthy women who were not pregnant. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination including OCTA. Results Superficial foveal density (SFD) and deep foveal density (DFD) were lower in group 1 than in group 3 (p = 0.033, p = 0.041, respectively). Deep parafoveal density (DPD), deep temporal density (DTD), and deep superior density (DSD) values were lower in group 1 than in group 2 and group 3 (p = 0.001). PPRNFL superior and mean values were higher in group 1 and group 2 than in group 3 (p = 0.022, p = 0.029, respectively). The mean superior and inferior RPCVD values were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 and group 3 (p = 0.001, p = 0.043, and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions In preeclampsia, OCTA shows changes in the microvascular structure of the retina, even without retinopathy findings on biomicroscopy examination.

According to our results, CSC is related to elevated total testosterone levels. Testosterone may play a role in predisposing males to CSC.

Purpose To investigate the foveal avascular zone (AVZ), superficial and deep foveal and parafoveal vessel density (VD) changes related to diabetic retinopathy. Methods Forty-nine type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 45 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The demographic data (age and sex), disease duration, and level of glycated hemoglobin were collected. Superficial VD (%), superficial AVZ area (mm 2 ), deep VD (%) and deep AVZ area (mm 2 ) were evaluated via optic coherence tomography angiography. Results Superficial AVZ was 0.438 ± 0.05 mm 2 in the DM group, 0.246 ± 0.022 mm 2 in the control group ( p < 0.001). Deep AVZ was 0.732 ± 0.06 mm 2 in the DM group, and 0.342 ± 0.022 mm 2 in the control group ( p < 0.001). Superficial foveal VD was 29.45 ± 0.76 mm 2 in the DM group, and 34.86 ± 0.75 mm 2 in the control group ( p < 0.001). Deep foveal VD was 24.85 ± 1.08 mm 2 in the DM group, and 33.47 ± 0.56 mm 2 in the control group ( p < 0.001). Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated an enlargement in the foveal AVZ along with a reduction in the vascular density of the superficial and deep capillary network in the foveal and parafoveal area using optic coherence tomography angiography in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. This technique can be used to monitor the progression of the disease and to evaluate the response to treatment.

Purpose: The efficacy of topical azithromycin (AZ) supplementation to systemic AZ has not been studied. This study evaluates the efficacy of topical AZ supplementation to systemic AZ, warm compresses, artificial tears, and lid scrubs for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: Eighty-five patients with stage 4 MGD were enrolled in the study. The patients enrolled into the study were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 55 patients who received preservative-free topical 1.5% AZ administered as a unit dose, and group 2 comprised 30 patients who did not receive topical AZ. Both groups were prescribed artificial tear eye drops and systemic AZ. Fluorescein tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal staining, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) symptom scores, and meibum quality were evaluated at baseline and after 1 and 3 months. Results: The mean age of patients in group 1 was 48.3 ± 13.4 years (25 men and 30 women) and in group 2 was 50.7 ± 10.2 years (12 men and 18 women). After treatment at the first and third month, group 1 showed significant improvement in mean TBUT, mean corneal staining score, meibum quality, and mean OSDI scores compared with baseline (P < 0.05). In group 2, only the OSDI score and meibum quality improved significantly after treatment compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results demonstrate clinically and statistically greater improvement in MGD-associated signs and symptoms with the addition of topical AZ to the systemic treatment.

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Sum maryPur po se: To investigate the outcome of probing in patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and to evaluate the success rate among age groups. Ma te ri al and Met hod: The charts of patients who underwent probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction between 2008 and 2011 were reviewed. Patients' ages at the time of probing, the presence of watering complaints and epiphora, and fluorescein dye disappearance test results after the procedure were recorded. Findings were evaluated according to age groups. Re sults: Forty-six patients (24 girls (52.2%), 22 boys (47.8%)) diagnosed as congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction were included in the study. Probing was performed to the right eye in 13 (28.3%), left eye in 13 (28.3%) and both eyes in 20 (43.4%) patients, i.e. to 66 eyes in total. Age at time of probing was between 18 days and 6 years (average: 23.5 months). Six patients were under 12 months, 26 patients were between 12 and 24 months, and 14 patients were over 24 months. Mean follow-up period was 4.32 (1-24) months. By probing, success was achieved in 48 of 66 eyes (72.72%). According to the age group, success rate of probing was 100% (6 of 6 eyes) in patients under 12 months, while it was 80.95% (34 of 42 eyes) in patients between 12-24 months and 44.44% (8 eyes of 18) in those over 24 months. Dis cus si on: In the first year of life, probing is an effective treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in cases not improving with conservative treatment. As the age increases, the chance of success decreases, thus the application should not be delayed. However, in selected cases with advanced age, it can be recommended prior to invasive treatments. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 342-5 GirişDoğumsal nazolakrimal kanal tıkanıklığı (DNKT) pediatrik hasta grubunda sıkça karşılaşılan, gözlerde sulanma, çapaklanma ve mükopürülan sekresyonla seyreden, çoğunlukla inflamasyon bulgusu olmasa da sekonder enfeksiyon gelişmesi durumunda konjonktivite, tedavi edilmediği taktirde dakriosistit, preseptal ve orbital sellülit gibi ciddi komplikasyonlara neden olabilecek önemli

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