In recent years, health professionals have been suffering from widespread violence in Turkey as well as in the world. Based on the data obtained from a fieldwork in Gaziantep and Kilis, this article aims to discuss neo-liberal transformation of the health sector and the consequences of this transformation in effecting violence toward doctors. The data shows that physicians working at public health institutions are the main victims of verbal and physical attacks coming from mostly patients and their companions. The social and economic context within which the violence toward physicians takes place is a process of restructuring of the provision of health service based on neo-liberal market logic. The health services and field are increasingly being shaped and redefined in accordance with economic logic like efficiency, profit, cost, competitiveness, and so on. These policy changes in the health sector have resulted in differentiation of health services, devaluation of public services, the stigmatization of employment in and consumption of, public health services as signs of low status as well as devaluation of general practitioners' practices.
Günümüz dünyasında en çok tartışılan teknolojik yeniliklerden biri olan yapay zekâ, etkinliğini hayatın her alanında her geçen gün biraz daha arttırmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar ve istatistikler ortaya koymaktadır ki yapay zekânın toplumsal hayata olan etkisi mütemadiyen artmakta ve toplumsal yaşamı farklı biçimlerde etkilemektedir. Dolayısıyla yapay zekâ yazılım ve bilgisayar bilimlerinin olduğu kadar sosyal bilimlerin de ilgi alanına girmektedir. Yapay zekâyı konu edinen sosyolojik çalışmalar hem nitelik hem nicelik açısından artış göstermektedir. Sosyoloji içerisinde yapay zekâ üzerine çalışmalarda iki temel yaklaşım olduğu görülmektedir. Birinci gruptaki çalışmalar yoğunlukla yapay zekâyı toplumsal etkileri bağlamında sermaye ve siyasal iktidarların toplumsal kontrolü sürdürmelerinin bir aracı, toplumsal eşitsizlikleri yeniden üreten bir olgu ve onu üretenlerin kültürel yanlılıklarını taşıyan kültürel bir fenomen olarak ele alınmaktadır. İkinci gruptaki çalışmalar ise, genelde teknolojiyi özelde ise yapay zekâyı toplumsallığın üretiminde "toplumsal aktör" olarak konumlandıran çalışmalardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı yapay zekânın sosyoloji literatüründe ele alınış biçimlerini eleştirel bir perspektiften ele almak ve yapay zekâ sosyolojisini tartışmaya açmaktır.
This article aims to analyze institutional development of sociology through academic employment patterns among sociology departments in Turkey. The article is not simply concerned with the nature of academic labor market but it rather aims to contribute to the debates within Turkish sociology on "compartmentalization" and "discontinuity" which conceptualizes the lack of academic traditions, schools, or habitus in Turkish sociology through social network analysis. The article demonstrates that even though the material infrastructure of sociology networks provides potentiality to overcome the "compartmentalization problem" as a result of increased interactions among departments through academic mobility in last two decades, neither in the universities at the center, nor those in the periphery, have been able to translate this possibility to create an "epistemic community" or academic schools/traditions. Neither high homogeneity of academic institutional background of academics at the center, nor heterogeneity of academic institutional background of academics at the periphery has been able to overcome this "compartmentalization". The article argues that the question of compartmentalization is not an "anomaly" but it is institutional outcome of the state interferences in academic employment and academic production since the establishment of sociology departments which undermined the academic autonomy of the departments and universities.
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